Understanding Verb Forms

1. Understanding Verb Forms What are the principal parts of verbs? Regular verbs Irregular verbs Six confusing verbs Sit/Set Rise/Raise Lie/Lay Review A Review B

2. What are the principal parts of verbs? Verbs “dress” differently for different occasions. She dressed for school. She dresses casually. She has dressed for graduation.

3. What are the principal parts of verbs? Verbs have four principal parts. Each principal part has a different function. draw Base Form talk Present Participle [is] talk ing [is] draw ing Past talk ed dr e w ed [have] draw Past Participle [have] talk n More about participles

4. What are the principal parts of verbs? These principle parts are used to form all of the different verb tenses. Base Form They talk every day. Present Participle They are talking now. Past They talked yesterday. Past Participle They have talked for hours.

5. Regular verbs Aregular verbgenerally forms its past and past participle by adding –d or –ed to the base form. Base Form Past Past Participle [have] clean ed clean clean ed hope hope d [have] hope d Thepresent participleis formed by adding –ing. Present Participle clean ing

6. Regular verbs Most regular verbs that end in e drop the e before adding–ing. ing hop hope Some verbs double the final consonant before adding–ing or–ed. hug hugg ing hug ed hugg

7. Regular verbs On Your Own Give the correct form (past, past participle, or present participle) of the verb in italics, as indicated in parentheses. 1. The dancers are (perform) on stage. (present participle) 2. We (watch) a folk dance an hour ago. (past) 3. We are (learn)dances from different countries. (present participle) 4. Someone in the audience has (request) an Irish square dance. (past participle) 5. I had (hope) to take dance lessons. (past participle) [End of Section]

8. Irregular verbs Some verbs do not fit the regular pattern. Anirregular verbforms its past and past participle in some way other than by adding –d or –ed. Base Form Past Past Participle [have] dr u nk drink dr a nk [have] hurt hurt hurt

9. Irregular verbsChanging vowels 1. Some irregular verbs form the past and past participle bychanging vowels. Base Form Past Past Participle beg a n [have] beg u n begin

10. Irregular verbsChanging consonants 2. Other irregular verbs form the past and past participle bychanging consonants. Base Form Past Past Participle e [have] ma d make ma d e

11. Irregular verbsChanging vowels and consonants 3. Some irregular verbs form the past and past participle bychanging both vowels and consonants. Base Form Past Past Participle e [have] r idden ride r od

12. Irregular verbsNo change 4. A few irregular verbs make no change at all in their past and past participle forms. Base Form Past Past Participle put put [have] put

13. Irregular verbs On Your Own Give the correct form (past or past participle) of each verb given in parentheses. 1. Two graceful swans ________ across the lake. (swim) 2. Gabriela ________ me her softball glove. (lend) 3. Nate ________ a fleece jacket on the hike. (wear) 4. I have already ________ the wrapping paper. (cut) 5. Have you ________ your best on the science project? (do) [End of Section]

14. Six confusing verbs Six verbs in English require special attention. lie lay sit set rise raise or • Are the children sitting setting ? • Do the fans rise or raise ? • Does the baby still or still? lie lay

15. Six confusing verbs To figure out which verb is correct, ask . . . Does the verb have a direct object? Don usually sits up front. No object They set the boxes down. They set the boxes down. Direct object

16. Sit / Set The verb sit means “to be seated” or “to rest.” They sit on the sand. The verb set means “to put (something) in a place.” Set usually has a direct object. Direct object He will set the booksdown soon. He will set the books down soon.

17. Sit / Set We sit on the park bench. We are sitting on the bench. We have sat on the bench before. We sat there all day. She sets the lantern down. She set the lantern on the table. She has sat it down already. She is setting it down now.

18. Sit / Set On Your Own Give the correct form of sit or set for each of the following sentences. 1. I ______ on a broken chair at the party yesterday. 2. Last night Kim ______ her ring on the dresser. 3. At the game, Kevin was ______ next to Paolo. 4. I have ______ here for hours waiting for you. 5. Before she left, Josie had ______ a loaf of bread on the counter. [End of Section]

19. Rise / Raise The verb rise means “to go upward.” Slowly the balloons rise into the sky. The verb raise means “to lift (something) up.” Raise usually has a direct object. Direct object They raised the flag. They raised the flag.

20. Rise / Raise The sun is rising now. The sun has risen. The sun rose at 7:15 A.M. The sun rises in the East. Shawn is raising the blinds for us. Shawn has raised the blinds often. Shawn raises the blinds each morning. Shawn raised the blinds yesterday.

21. Rise / Raise On Your Own Give the correct form of rise or raise for each of the following sentences. 1. Please ______ the sign higher. 2. I hope the bread is ______. 3. Sparks ______ from the fire and scattered into the night sky. 4. They ______ the couch while I looked under it. 5. Prices have ______ steadily for almost a year. [End of Section]

22. Lie / Lay The verb lie means “to rest,” “to recline,” or “to be in a place.” The pigs lie in the grass. The verb lay means “to place (something somewhere).” Lay usually takes a direct object. Direct object The chef lays the food on the plate. The chef lays the foodon the plate.

23. Lie / Lay lay lay These verbs are easy to confuse because the past form of lie is also lay. Base form of lay Please lay the blanket on the bed. Past form of lie After his walk, the dog lay on the grass.

24. Lie / Lay The cat is lying there still. The cat lay down an hour ago. The cat has lain there a long time. The cat lies on the chair. He has laid it there before. He lays the cane against the wall. He is laying the cane against the wall. He laid the cane there earlier.

25. Lie / Lay On Your Own Give the correct form of lie or lay for each of the following sentences. 1. Then the clerk ______ the small package on the scale. 2. Those clothes will ______ on the floor until you pick them up. 3. Who ______ this paintbrush on the bare floor? 4. That wet towel has been ______ here all day long. 5. After his playtime, the puppy ______ down and slept. [End of Section]

26. Review A Give the correct form (past, past participle, or present participle) of each italicized verb, as indicated in parentheses. 1. After lunch we (wash) the car and mowed the lawn. (past) 2. Marcos has (look) everywhere for his boots. (past participle) 3. My aunt is (bring) the salad. (present participle) 4. I (know) the answer, but I ran out of time.(past) 5. Most of the leaves have already (fall) from the trees. (past participle)

27. Review B For each sentence, choose the correct verb form in parentheses. • Geraldo (rose, raised) the branch so I could get by. • I had (lain, laid) my hat on the back of the chair. • Everyone (sat, set) quietly during the recital. • The children were (sitting, setting) in their seats waiting for the show to start. • The foam has (rise, raised) to the top of the drink. 6. The baby is (laying, laying) in his crib.

28. The End