Ch.1 Matter and Change

1. Ch.1 Matter and Change 1.3 Elements

2. Elements • elements are pure substances • organized by properties on periodic table

3. Elements • each square shows the name and letter symbol for each element • usually the symbols relate to the English names but some come from older names (usually Latin) • Ex: gold’s symbol is Au from aurum • Ex: iron’s symbol is Fe from ferrum

4. Groups also called families vertical columns numbered 118 have similar chemical properties Periods horizontal rows properties changes consistently across a period numbered 1-7 Periodic Table

5. Periodic Table

6. Periodic Table • two rows below the periodic table are the lanthanide and actinide series • these rows fit after #57 and #89 • they are only at the bottom to keep the width of the chart smaller

7. Types of Elements • Metals • an element that is a good conductor of electricity • at room temperature, most are solids • malleable- can be rolled or hammered into sheets • ductile- can be made into wire • high tensile strength- can resist breakage when pulled • most have silvery or grayish white luster

8. Types of Elements • Nonmetals • an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity • many are gases at room temperature • some are solids: usually brittle, not malleable

9. Types of Elements • Metalloids • an element that has some characteristics of metals and nonmetals • appear along staircase line • B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te • all are solids at room temperature • less malleable than metals but less brittle than nonmetals • are semiconductors

10. Types of Elements • Noble Gases • generally unreactive gases • in far right column of periodic table (Group 18)