Vocabulary for Unit 1 and 2

1. Vocabulary for Unit 1 and 2

2. Transatlantic triangular trade • Trading goods and products across the Atlantic between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. • The trading path looks like a triangle

3. Mercantilism • The theory that nations need to become wealthy by earning gold and silver and this is best done by establishing colonies and using their resources to become rich and prosperous.

4. Favorable balance of trade • When the amount of exports going out of a country is larger than the amount of imports coming in

5. Middle Passage • The middle leg of the transatlantic triangular oceanic trade that exported slaves to the Americas in the colonial era.

6. colony • Group of people settling in another land

7. colonization • The process a group of people go through when they settle in another land

8. Physical Migration • When people move from one area to another

9. Charter • A written grant from the sovereign power of a country such as the king conferring certain rights and privileges on a person, a corporation, or the people • An example is the Massachusetts charter which exempted the Massachusetts colony from direct interference by the English Crown.

10. Proprietary • Owned by a private individual or corporation such as the colony of Georgia

11. Assembly • an assembling or coming together of a number of persons, usually for a particular purpose • a legislative body, especially the lower house of the legislature in certain states of the U.S • Examples-a bill before the assembly; the Georgia State Assembly.

12. House of Burgesses • First Legislative assembly in the New World • Located in Virginia

13. Town meeting • Institution in New England that allowed colonists to meet and discuss their laws and government and make decisions

14. Treaty • a formal agreement between two or more states in reference to peace, alliance, commerce, or other international relations. • The treaty of Paris 1763 and the Treaty of Paris 1783

15. Covenant • a solemn agreement between the members of a church to act together in harmony over an issue • The Puritan half way covenant

16. Dissenters • People who wanted to change or purify the Anglican church because they dissented with some of its practices • Puritans

17. Separatists • People who wanted to separate from the Anglican church such as the Pilgrims

18. Anglican • Church of England • The English church started by Henry VIII because the Roman catholic church would not allow him to divorce his wife • Protestant

19. Roman Catholic • The Christian church based in Rome , Italy that grew out of the teachings of Jesus • The Pope is the head • Has priest and nuns as religious workers

20. Protestant • The Christian church based all over the world but that began in Germany with the teachings of Martin Luther • Began originally as a protest movement against practices of the Roman Catholic church • Religious workers are pastors, reverends, deacons, and elders

21. Imperial • of, like, or pertaining to an empire. • The imperial competition between England and France in the 7 years war that included the French and Indian war.

22. Competition • the act of competing; rivalry for supremacy, a prize, etc • The competition between the British and the Americans during the revolutionary war was bitter.

23. Intolerable • not tolerable; unendurable; insufferable • The intolerable acts placed on Boston by the British after the tea party were terrible.

24. unjust • Unfair, abusive such as the practices outlined in the Declaration of Independence about George III and England towards the colonies

25. Proclamation • To proclaim or tell everyone that something is so and will be that way from now on such as the Proclamation of 1763 by the British that told settlers moving west of the Appalachian mountains to move back to the original 13 colonies and leave the western lands to the Native Americans

26. committee • A group of people with a like purpose or goal

27. correspondence • To correspond or communicate by mail, letter, email, notes

28. Massacre the unnecessary, indiscriminate killing of a large number of human beings such as in the Boston Massacre

29. Federalists • The people who wanted the Constitution, a strong central government • Hamilton, Madison and Jay • Wrote the Federalist Papers

30. Anti- Federalists • The people who wanted a less strong Constitution with a Bill of Rights added , less strong Federal government • Men like Thomas Jefferson

31. Republic • A government where the people vote for their representatives who then make the laws • America is a republic

32. Representative • The person voted into government office by the people who then does their will

33. Delegate • a person designated to act for or represent another or others as a representative such as in a political convention. • The states sent 55 delegates to the Constitutional Convention

34. Confederation • a group of states, more or less permanently but loosely united for a common purpose. • The articles of Confederation • The Confederate states of America

35. Constitution • A group of loosely allied states that have more power than their central government

36. Legislative • The government body that makes the laws • Congress • Senate and House of Representatives • They impeach government officials • Bills concerning money start in the House

37. Judicial • The branch of government that interprets the laws • The Supreme Court

38. Executive • The government body that enforces the laws • President • He is commander in chief • He can make war but not declare it • He can veto laws Congress passes

39. Branches of government • Legislative • Judicial • Executive

40. Congress • Made up of the Senate and House of Representatives

41. Democracy • government by the people • a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.

42. Dictator • a person exercising absolute power, esp. a ruler who has absolute, unrestricted control in a government

43. Social Contract theory • People give up sovereignty or some of their rights to a government in order to receive or maintain order through the rule of law

44. Convention • a meeting or formal assembly, as of representatives or delegates, for discussion of and action on particular matters of common concern.

45. Federalism • pertaining to the nature of a union of states under a central government distinct from the individual governments of the separate states • For example the national or federal government of the U.S.

46. Bicameral • Two bodies of government such as Senate and House of representatives

47. Unicameral • One body of government as was in the Articles of Confederation

48. Senate • the upper house of the legislature of certain countries, such as the United States

49. Supreme Court • the highest court of the U.S.

50. Framers • The men who wrote or framed our Constitution