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Immediate FBI Roundup after Pearl Harbor. Business/Community Leaders Japanese Language School Instructors Religious Leaders By evening of December 7, 1941, the FBI had taken 736 Japanese aliens into custody. By December 11th that number had grown to 1370. FBI search of Japanese Homes.
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Immediate FBI Roundup after Pearl Harbor • Business/Community Leaders • Japanese Language School Instructors • Religious Leaders • By evening of December 7, 1941, the FBI had • taken 736 Japanese aliens into custody. By • December 11th that number had grown to • 1370.
Japanese taken in surprise raids by the FBINear Santa Barbara, CA
Executive Order 9066 • February 19, 1942 President Franklin D. • Roosevelt issues E.O. 9066 which orders removal of all persons of Japanese ancestry from West Coast areas • 120,000 Japanese Americans immediately had their civil rights suspended • Two thirds were citizens born in the U.S.
Civilian Exclusion Orders • Forced Sale or liquidation of businesses and Homes • Required registration was the first step toward Removal • So-called “voluntary evacuation” period • 108 Civilian Exclusion Orders were issued
Decision To Imprison A People • Forced Removal Necessary • First Stop – Temporary Assembly Centers • The Ten Permanent War Relocation Centers • Manzanar, Tule Lake, Poston, Gila River, • Minidoka, HeartMtn., Granada, Topaz, • Rohwer, Jerome.
Life Behind Barbed Wire • Barracks for Homes • 250-300 per Block of 12 barracks • Outside Latrines/Washrooms • Mess Halls • Loss of Privacy • Inclimateweather, dust, desolation • Guard Towers
Life in Camp • Attempt to be ‘normal’ • Schools, Churches, Civic Associations • Camp Council Form of Government • Sports, Recreation • Lines for everything • Disruption of Family Life • All adults were assigned jobs
Question Of Loyalty • #27. Willing to serve in Armed Forces? • #28. Swear unqualified allegiance to United States and forswear any form of allegiance to any other organization?
Japanese Americansin the Military • Some 25,000 Japanese Americans served during WWII • The Draft : December 1943, JA’s reclassified to permit drafting into military service • Opposition to the draft. What would you do? • Heart Mountain Resistors • 315 Refused Induction, 263 Convicted of Draft • Evasion, Three-year jail sentences
Japanese Americans in Combat • Combined 100th Battalion / 442nd Regimental • Combat Team, was most decorated unit • Never numbering more than 4,500, earned over 18,000 individual decorations, suffered casualty rate of 300 percent • Importance of JA Military Intelligence