Welcome to the world in 1945!

1. Welcome to the world in 1945!

2. Lets meet our key players......

3. Joseph Stalin aka Uncle Jo aka ‘Man of steel’ 1878-1953 Soviet Union General secretary of USSR at death of Lenin (1924)

4. Winston Churchill aka Winnie 1874-1965 Great Britain Prime Minister from 1940

5. Franklin Roosevelt American President 1932-1945 Died 1945 (one month before Germany’s surrender in WW2)

6. Harry Truman American President 1945-1953 Responsible for ‘Truman doctrine’

7. Bye Bye Hitler!

8. What are we talking about?

9. Communism Communism – a classless society where production is owned by the state and everyone is equal (in theory)

10. Related terms Proletariat (working class) vs bourgeoisie ( upper middle class) Fancy buildings! Bolshevik Check out the top hats! proletariat bourgeoisie

11. Who? (then) Soviet Union, Cuba, Hungary, North Vietnam, Yugoslavia, China, North Korea, Cambodia, Poland, Mongolia, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, East Germany, Bulgaria, Laos, North Yemen, Democratic Republic of Congo

12. But now….. • China • Cuba • Laos • North Korea • Vietnam

13. Capitalism Capitalism – where production is privately owned by individuals and businesses

14. Who? • ‘The West’ • Western Europe, The USA, Canada Australia, New Zealand – all capitalist “free market” economies and democracies • (Democracy – where the people elect and can criticise and replace their leaders)

15. What was the cold war? A prolonged period (40 years) of ideological & military competition, international tension, minor wars, and the threat of nuclear destruction…. No open or direct warfare

17. How did it all start?

18. Background • 1917 – the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia Russia became the Soviet Union, the world’s first communist state • Although Western hostility towards the Soviet Union started before WW2 there was never actual warfare – as there was against Nazi Germany

19. The Soviet Union sets up the Communist International – an organisation to promote communist revolution in other countries • Some sympathetic western intellectuals began to spy for the Soviet Union

20. Under dictator Josef Stalin, the Soviet Union became a repressive society with many political prisoners and executions and overwhelming state propaganda. Millions went to ‘Gulags’ in remote Siberia

21. WW2 • 1939-1945 • At the end of WW2 – the 2 main victorious powers were the Soviet Union and the United States – to be known as the 2 superpowers

22. Triggers of the cold war

23. The atomic bombs dropped on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) – a new “weapon of mass destruction” demonstrated American military power and began the arms race

24. 2. The Soviet takeover of Eastern Europe. As Russians liberated Eastern Europe from the Nazis they set up client communist states, reliant and obedient to Moscow East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Yugoslavia

26. Consequences

27. The Iron curtain

28. The Iron curtain

29. The Truman Doctrine • A decision made by the USA (whose President was Truman) to give economic aid to non communist countries who were trying to maintain their political freedom and who were threatened by communist aggression

30. The Marshall Plan • 1947 • Proposed by US Secretary of State, General Marshall • Plan to give billions of dollars in aid to Europe • Why? • Strengthen Western Europe so all the countries could be strong enough to defend themselves against communism • Didn’t want to fight communism on their own • Who? • 16 countries received over 17 million dollars in aid

31. Containment • The policy of containment was America’s plan to stop communism by preventing it spreading any further than it already had (or to try to CONTAIN it…)