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People of Africa: The Tswana The Shona

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People of Africa: The Tswana The Shona

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    1. People of Africa: The Tswana & The Shona By Liz Teter

    2. THE TSWANA

    3. Location The Tswana are associated with the country of Botswana Most of the language speakers live in area of northeastern South Africa Small populations of Tswana speakers live in Zimbabwe and Namibia Botswana means “Land of the Tswana” Most people live in NE South Africa- area of called Bophutatswana “The Place of Gathering of the Tswana” 800,000 Botswana 2.4 million in South Africa 13,000 Namibia 30,000 ZimbabweBotswana means “Land of the Tswana” Most people live in NE South Africa- area of called Bophutatswana “The Place of Gathering of the Tswana” 800,000 Botswana 2.4 million in South Africa 13,000 Namibia 30,000 Zimbabwe

    4. Identity Tswana constitute roughly 60% of the population of Botswana Tswana are divided into 11 sub-groups Sub-tribes have their own languages Thapi, Rolong, Kwena, Kgatla, Kgalagadi, Tawana, Huruthshe, Gwatketse, Ngwato, Tlokwa, Malete Thapi, Rolong, Kwena, Kgatla, Kgalagadi, Tawana, Huruthshe, Gwatketse, Ngwato, Tlokwa, Malete

    6. Language Tswana is closely linked with Sotho language Sotho-Tswana is derived from Bantu Tswana is the national language of Botswana Make up 60% of Botswana populationMake up 60% of Botswana population

    7. Religion Tswana practice Animism, Secularism and Christianity Traditional Tswana religion is tribal animism “Modimo” is the great God “Badimo” are ancesteral spirits who act as go-between among Modimo and people Today, religion is not very important Tswana acknowledge one God Ancestor worship goes from men ? ancestors ? ultimate God Preaching of early Christian missionaries (paternalistic teaching) neglected significance of culture, halted growth of church, now indiffernet to religion Tswana acknowledge one God Ancestor worship goes from men ? ancestors ? ultimate God Preaching of early Christian missionaries (paternalistic teaching) neglected significance of culture, halted growth of church, now indiffernet to religion

    8. History Botswana was first inhibited by San Bushmen Sons of Masilo are ancestors of the 3 major Tswana tribes (Kwena, Ngwato, Ngwaketsi) Early 1800s- refugees pushed across Vaal River and caused chaos Mzilikazi and Ndebele tribes caused devastation

    9. History continued Late 1800s- Chief Kama III recognized European interest 1886- British annexed the area to prevent German expansion (becomes British Protectorate) 1966- Protectorate gains independence and becomes Botswana British Protectorate called BechuanalandBritish Protectorate called Bechuanaland

    10. Economy of Botswana Economy is closely tied with South Africa Main industries are mining (diamonds, copper, nickel) and livestock processing Chief crops are corn, sorghum and beans

    11. Political System Society made up of men, women, children and “badimo” Organized by lineages Subunits and communities Each level is governed by various officials assigned to different duties Tswana thinks in terms of responsible to family and tribe (no individual rights) Father must be respected and obeyed badimo=- ancestors living and dead with metaphysical powersbadimo=- ancestors living and dead with metaphysical powers

    12. THE SHONA

    13. Location Populations live in Zimbabwe and Mozambique

    14. Language/Identity Shona is standardized form of a range of dialects Many Shona speakers prefer to identify themselves by their specific dialect group or ancestry group

    15. Religion Believe in two types of spirits Shave- wandering spirits Vadmizu- ancestor spirits Shave spirits- associated with populations outside of Shona territory (Europeans, neighboring people or animals), spirits are either good or bad Bad spirits associated with witchcraft Good spirits inspire talents in music, healing and art Vadmizu represent the ideal way of Shona life, protect society, withdraw from society if moral ideals are not respected by the peopleShave spirits- associated with populations outside of Shona territory (Europeans, neighboring people or animals), spirits are either good or bad Bad spirits associated with witchcraft Good spirits inspire talents in music, healing and art Vadmizu represent the ideal way of Shona life, protect society, withdraw from society if moral ideals are not respected by the people

    16. History 600 AD- Ancestors of Shona built walled sites (“Great Zimbabwe”) Related to the Bantu, moved to present Zimbabwe during the Bantu expansion Late 19th century- 5 main language clusters unite under Shona name Korekore, Zeseru, Manyika, Ndau, Karanga

    17. Economy Mostly agricultural (maize is main crop) Raise chicken, cattle and chickens Women sell pottery and woven baskets Men work as blacksmiths and carvers by commission Cows are used for bride price Produce millet, sorghum, rice, beans, manioc, peanuts, pumpkins and sweet potatoes Cows are taboo for women- men must do milking and herding Women and men both farm Men do hunting and fishing, not important part of food supplyProduce millet, sorghum, rice, beans, manioc, peanuts, pumpkins and sweet potatoes Cows are taboo for women- men must do milking and herding Women and men both farm Men do hunting and fishing, not important part of food supply

    18. Political System Live in dispersed settlements made up of a few families Decisions made within the family Recognize power of organized political states Chief inherited position and power Court advised him about important decisions Received tributes from his people

    19. Art Adorned wooden headrests Art is either personal or utilitarian Tradition of metalworking and woodcarving

    20. Images 1. “Flag of Botswana.” The World Factbook. CIA. 10 Jan. 2006. 8 Mar. 2006. <http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/flags/bc-flag.html> 2. “Flag of South Africa.” The World Factbook. CIA. 10 Jan. 2006. 8 Mar. 2006. <http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/flags/sf -flag.html> 3, 6. “Flag of Zimbabwe.” The World Factbook. CIA. 10 Jan. 2006. 8 Mar. 2006. <http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factboo k/flags/zi-flag.html> 4. “Flag of Namibia.” The World Factbook. CIA. 10 Jan. 2006. 8 Mar. 2006. <http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/flags/w a- flag.html> 5. “Africa Political.” Exploring Africa. 8 Mar. 2006. <http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/curriculum/exploreaf ricapics/africapolitical.jpg> 7. “Flag of Mozambique.” The World Factbook. CIA. 10 Jan. 2006. 8 Mar. 2006. <http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mz.html> 8. “Headrest.” Metropolitan Museum of Art. 8 Mar. 2006. <http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ho/10/sfs/ho_2001.759.2.htm>

    21. Works Cited Cutter, Charles H. Africa 2005. Harpers Ferry: Stryker-Post Productions, 2006. “People Profile: The Tswana.” Central Eastern Southern African International Mission Board. 3 Mar. 2006. <http://cesa.imb.org/peoplegroups/tswana.htm> “Shona Information.” Art and Life in Africa Project. University of Iowa. 3 Nov. 1998. 3 Mar. 2006. <http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Shona.ht ml> “Shona Language.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 19 Jan. 2006. 3 Mar. 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_language> “Shona People.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2 Mar. 2006. 3 Mar. 2006. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_people>

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