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Analysing Newspapers

Analysing Newspapers. an approach from Critical Discourse Analysis John E Richardson Department of Language Studies, Canterbury Christ Church 14 December 2007. Discourse analysis: some assumptions. Discourse analysis = the analysis of texts in context . Discourse is language in use

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Analysing Newspapers

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  1. Analysing Newspapers an approach from Critical Discourse Analysis John E Richardson Department of Language Studies, Canterbury Christ Church 14 December 2007

  2. Discourse analysis: some assumptions • Discourse analysis = the analysis of texts in context. • Discourse is language in use • Discourse is necessarily situated in a context. • No practice detached from a social context, and no social context is ever wholly neutral. • Constituted/Constitutive: “language simultaneously reflects reality (‘the way things are’) and constructs (construes) it to be a certain way” (Gee, 1999: 82).

  3. CDA: an approach to discourse • Language must play some part in producing and reproducing social inequalities. • In response, “CDA sees itself as politically involved research” (Titscher et al, 2000: 147). • CDA investigates, and aims at illustrating, “relationships between the text and its social conditions, ideologies and power-relations” (Wodak, 1996: 20)

  4. Fairclough: three-site analysis • For Fairclough, CDA means: • ‘…the analysis of relationships between concrete language use and the wider social cultural structures. […] He attributes three dimensions to every discursive event. It is simultaneously text, discursivepractice - which also includes the production and interpretation of texts - and socialpractice. The analysis is conducted according to these three dimensions.’ (Titscher et al, 2000: 149-50)

  5. Fig.1 Analysis should be playful View texts as the result of a series of many choices We should ask: how could this have been different? 1. Text-as-discourse

  6. 2 Discursive practicesText-Linguistics is not enough:“If we see discourse as contextualised language, and take this dimension of contextualisation seriously, we shall be forced to develop a linguistics that ceases to be linguistic from a certain point onwards” (Blommaert, 2005: 235)

  7. 3. Social practices- markets, ownership, advertising, government, the law, etc. - cause, consequences, social benefits/harm

  8. Discourse practices, revisited

  9. Discourse practice, an expanding model

  10. Conclusions • linguistic analysis will only ever reveal so much. • We need also to look at: the discourse processes enacted during production and consumption; • the ways that these are themselves affected by and reflect earlier texts and earlier interactions; • and the ways that newspaper discourse – as a system of systems – relates to power, ideology and social inequalities

  11. References • Blommaert, J (2005) Discourse: a critical introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge Uni Press • Fairclough, N (1995) Media Discourse. London: Edward Arnold • Gee, J. P. (1999) An introduction to discourse analysis: theory and method. London: Routledge • Richardson, J. E (2007) Analysing Newspapers: an approach from critical discourse analysis. Houndmills: Palgrave • Titscher, S., Meyer, M., Wodak, R. & Vetter, E. (2000) Methods of Text and Discourse Analysis. London: Sage • Wodak, R. (1996) Disorders of Discourse. London: Longman.

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