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CHEMISTRY

Learn about the Ideal Gas Law and how to calculate gas pressure using the equation PV = nRT. Understand the relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and moles of gas. Practice problems included.

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CHEMISTRY

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  1. CHEMISTRY Wednesday/Thursday April 25th-26th, 2012

  2. The Ideal Gas Law • Moles of a gas • The number of moles of a gas will affect the pressure and volume • 1 mole of gas = 22.4 L or 22.4 dm3 • The relationship between pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles is shown by the Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT

  3. The Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT • This equation makes it possible to calculate any one of the properties- volume, pressure, temperature or moles of gas present- given the other three. • A gas that obeys this equation is said to behave ideally

  4. The Ideal Gas Law • In mathematical terms, this law is expressed as follows: PV = nRT P = pressure V = volume T = temperature (K) n = number of moles R = Universal gas constant (0.0821 L. atm/K. mol) • Use Ideal Gas Law when P, V and T are NOT changing.

  5. The Ideal Gas Law • What pressure in atmospheres will 18.6 moles of methane exert when it is compressed in a 12.00-L tank at a temperature of 45°C? • As always, change the temperature to Kelvin before doing anything else. PV = nRT R = Universal gas constant (0.0821 L. atm/K. mol)

  6. Pressure in a mixture of gases • The total pressure of a mixture of gas is equal to the sum of the pressures each gas would exert by itself at the same volume • This is Dalton’s Law • PTotal = P1 + P2 + P3 + … …

  7. Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) • Conditions for STP: • 0 oC (273 K) • 1 atm (101.3 kPa)

  8. Practice Problems • If 300 mL of gas is collected at 4 atm, what volume will it occupy at 7 atm? • A gas at 480 K occupies a volume of 200 mL. What volume will be occupied if the temperature drops to 273 K? • At 360 K, a gas under 8 atm of pressure occupies 400 mL. What will the temperature be if the pressure drops to 6.5 atm and the volume is 582 mL? • What is the pressure of a gas that originally occupied 6.79 dm3 at a pressure of 80 kPa, if the volume is changed to 9.87 dm3 • A gas has a volume of 600 cm3 at 49.5 deg C and exerts a pressure of 123.4 kPa. What pressure will it exert if it is moved at a 480 cm3 container at 76 deg C?

  9. Homework • Ideal Gas Law w/s • Gas Laws Quiz • Friday!!

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