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Circulation in the atmosphere

Circulation in the Atmosphere. Circulation in the atmosphere. Newton’s Law. What regulates the motion of fluid particles in the ocean and atmosphere?. What drives the circulation of the atmosphere?. Differential Heating From Equators to Poles. troposphere. surface. Higher Latitudes.

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Circulation in the atmosphere

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  1. Circulation in the Atmosphere Circulation in the atmosphere

  2. Newton’s Law What regulates the motion of fluid particles in the ocean and atmosphere?

  3. What drives the circulation of the atmosphere? Differential Heating From Equators to Poles

  4. troposphere surface Higher Latitudes Equator/Tropics What drives the circulation of the atmosphere?

  5. Vertical view of air pressure (global convection) High Pressure Low Pressure Low Pressure

  6. Horizontal view of air pressure at ocean surface High Pressure + Higher Latitudes Surfaces of constant pressure y (latitude) x (longitude) _ Equator/Tropics Low Pressure

  7. v Newton’s Law y (latitude) x (longitude) u Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude

  8. Non rotating view of Atmospheric Circulation

  9. Hurricane IVAN H H L H H

  10. t3 t4 t2 t5 t1 Fpressure FCoriolis Rate of Rotation North Hemisphere Low Pressure B A High Pressure

  11. v Newton’s Law y (latitude) x (longitude) u Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude

  12. t3 t4 t2 t5 t1 Fpressure FCoriolis Rate of Rotation North Hemisphere A B High Pressure Low Pressure

  13. v Newton’s Law y (latitude) x (longitude) u Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude

  14. Fpressure FCoriolis FCoriolis Fpressure Fpressure Fpressure FCoriolis FCoriolis When this balance is reached the movement of the particles (and therefore of the flow) is called geostrophic motion

  15. v Newton’s Law y (latitude) x (longitude) u Motion across Latitudes Motion along Latitude

  16. Some practical rules to remember: Fpressure Low Pressure High Pressure FCoriolis • Particle will have the Coriolis force 90 degrees to the right • Particles will tend to move along line of constant pressure • Particles will have the high pressure on their right (same as Coriolis)

  17. Hurricane IVAN H H L Fpressure H H FCoriolis

  18. Vortices L H Fpressure FCoriolis FCoriolis Fpressure Low Pressure System High Pressure System

  19. Atmosheric Circulation Important Concepts to remember: Redistribution of Heat Effects of Rotation The role of friction Conservation of angular momentum

  20. Differential Heating From Equators to Poles

  21. Non rotating view of Atmospheric Circulation High Pressure Low Pressure

  22. Schematic depiction of the development of the atmospheric circulation,starting from a state of rest Easterlies (Trades) Westerlies Redistribution of Heat – Large scale convective Cells

  23. Schematic depiction of the development of the atmospheric circulation,starting from a state of rest Easterlies (Trades) Westerlies

  24. Problem? Circulation in the atmosphere

  25. Role of Friction

  26. Schematic depiction of the development of the atmospheric circulation,starting from a state of rest Easterlies (Trades) Westerlies

  27. Diagram of Atmospheric Circulation Circulation in the atmosphere

  28. Vertical view of the atmosphere and Poleward Transport of Heat Hadley Cell Ferrel Cell Polar Cell Pole Equator

  29. Midlatitude Cyclones

  30. Poleward Heat Transport

  31. Role of Friction on synoptic scales

  32. Vortices L H Fpressure FCoriolis FCoriolis Fpressure Low Pressure System High Pressure System

  33. Hurricane IVAN H H L Fpressure H H FCoriolis

  34. Polar High L L Subpolar Low H H H Subtropical High L Eq. Low L L H H H L L

  35. Rotation effects are not always important

  36. Land-Sea Breeze

  37. Moonsoons, a continental scale land-sea breeze

  38. Atmosheric Circulation Part II Review of Conservation of angular momentum (a second look) The Atmopsheric Circulation (a view from space and from NWS models) A closer look at Huricanes, their formation and the oceanic response Zonal average circulation Radiative Budget

  39. Atmosheric Circulation Part III Review of Conservation of angular momentum (a second look) The Atmopsheric Circulation (a view from space and from NWS models) A closer look at Huricanes, their formation and the oceanic response Zonal average circulation Radiative Budget

  40. Schematic depiction of the development of the atmospheric circulation,starting from a state of rest Easterlies (Trades) Westerlies

  41. Atmosheric Circulation Part III Review of Conservation of angular momentum (a second look) The Atmopsheric Circulation (a view from space and from NWS models) A closer look at Huricanes, their formation and the oceanic response Zonal average circulation Radiative Budget

  42. A look at the atmospheric circulation from space http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~ovens/loops/wxloop.cgi?wv_moll+/14d/ Advection of water vapour associated with Eastrerlies and Westerlies Strong convection over tropical region Generation of Tropical Cyclones

  43. equator

  44. ITCZ: Inter-Tropical Convergenze Zone

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