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Objective

Objective. Learn about Cooling and Cooling systems Define heat pump Learn about energy storage systems. Refrigeration Cycle. DX Cooling Machine. High pressure, high boiling/condensing point. DB = 77 °F WB = 64 °F. 56 °F 69 psig. 110 °F ~200 psig. 92 °F. DB = 60 °F WB = 53 °F.

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Objective

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  1. Objective • Learn about Cooling and Cooling systems • Define heat pump • Learn about energy storage systems

  2. Refrigeration Cycle

  3. DX Cooling Machine High pressure, high boiling/condensing point DB = 77 °F WB = 64 °F 56 °F 69 psig 110 °F ~200 psig 92 °F DB = 60 °F WB = 53 °F orifice capillary tube TXV Low pressure, low boiling point

  4. Air Cooled Chiller Chiller Building Water 52°F Outside air 95°F Inside 75°F Water 42°F

  5. Water Cooled Chiller Chiller Cooling tower Building Water 120°F Water 52°F Outside air 95°F Water 100°F Inside 75°F Water 42°F

  6. Cooling Compressor Cooling Sorption cooling Evaporative cooling DX machine Chiller Evaporative Chiller Air CooledCondenser Water CooledCondenser Convert Cooling machine (DX machine) to heat pumps

  7. Air cooled condenser • Only for small capacity • Cool the water or directly the refrigerant for compressor chillers

  8. Cooling tower • Provide cooling water for condenser or absorption Type Location Water need some treatment - Legionella !

  9. What is Heat Pump ? Heating Cooling Outside 95°F Outside 55°F Inside 75°F Inside 75°F

  10. COP for heat pump

  11. Compressor 2) Condenser 3) Evaporator 4) Air handler 5) Reversing valve and expansion valve www.srpnet.com/energy/pumpworks.aspx

  12. Evaporative Cooling • Wet media/water spray – direct • Raise absolute humidity, lowers temperature of conditioned air • Cooling tower – indirect • Cools through a heat exchanger • Lowers temperature, does not affect absolute humidity • Can directly cool air in cold weather

  13. Can you use the steam for cooling? A Yes B No

  14. Absorption Cycle • Water is typical refrigerant • Strong vacuum - ~0.116 psi or 0.0008 MPa • Boiling point of water? • Differences from vapor compression • No compressor • Chemical (e.g. LiBr - hygroscopic) • Absorbs water vapor turns it into a liquid • Regenerated by removing water • Requires heat

  15. Absorption Cycle Replace compressor Strong vacuum Refrigerant: water Absorber: lithium bromide

  16. Evaporative Cooling • Wet media/water spray – direct • Raise absolute humidity, lowers temperature of conditioned air • Cooling tower – indirect • Cools through a heat exchanger • Lowers temperature, does not affect absolute humidity • Can directly cool air in cold weather

  17. Evaporative Cooling

  18. Cooling Compressor Cooling Sorption cooling Evaporative cooling DX machine Chiller Evaporative Chiller Air CooledCondenser Water CooledCondenser Convert Cooling machine (DX machine) to heat pumps

  19. Energy Storage Systems

  20. Daily distribution of cooling load

  21. Thermal Storage • Make ice/chilled water at times of low demand or low energy prices • Store water in insulated container • Can be used to reduce overall demand • Water can be used as secondary water source for fire protection • Ice/snow

  22. Thermal Storage

  23. Reading Assignment Tao and Janis - whole Chapter 4

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