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Exploration & Colonization. 1492-1673. In the late 1400’s European explorers began to sail and chart the oceans of the world. An Era of Exploration. In 1001, Viking sailors led by Leif Ericson reached North America. They left no permanent settlement.
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Exploration & Colonization 1492-1673
In the late 1400’s European explorers began to sail and chart the oceans of the world.
An Era of Exploration • In 1001, Viking sailors led by Leif Ericson reached North America. They left no permanent settlement.
Discovered in Norway in 1906, the Oseberg ship, the best preserved Viking ship ever found, reveals its Norse shipbuilders' graceful construction style.
Christopher Columbus • 1492 – Made the Atlantic crossing with the Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria. • He traveled for Spain, hoping to reach the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic. • Instead, he reached the West Indies, islands in the Caribbean.
“Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” Christopher Columbus, The Admiral whochanged the world
Lasting Impact of Columbus • His voyages marked the beginning of lasting contact between Europe, Africa, and Americas. • Devastated the Native American population. • Columbian Exchange: exchange of goods, ideas, disease, etc. between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Spain Builds an Empire • Balboa – crossed the isthmus of Panama and claimed the Pacific for Spain • Magellan – circumnavigated the globe. Diaries, stories, maps library.thinkquest.org/ J002678F/balboa.htm
Spanish conquistadors • Cortés – Conquered the Aztecs, killed their emperor Montezuma. • Pizarro – Conquered the Incas • De Soto – explored Florida and died looking for gold he never found • Coronado – claimed present day New Mexico and Arizona for Spain
Settling New Spain • 3 settlements: pueblos, presidios, and missions • 4 social classes: Peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, Indians • Encomiendas: land grants to Spanish colonists which included the right to demand labor or taxes from the Indians
Harsh Life for Native Americans Indians forced to work in Spanish mines Most die so Spanish seek other labor sources Atlantic slave trade begins
Colonizing North America Search for the Northwest Passage
Rivalries Among European Nations • The Protestant Reformation in 1500s divided Europe • Europeans settling in the Americas brought their rivalries with them (Example: Sir Francis Drake)
Francis Drake made a habit out of raiding the Spanish treasure fleets. He brought gold and jewels home to England. When the Spanish complained to Queen Elizabeth, she knighted him “Sir Francis Drake”!
Sir Francis Drake Why do you think he wanted to be painted with his hand on a globe?
New France • Settled along the St. Lawrence River • Hunters and trappers (coureurs de bois – “runners of the woods”) • Established friendly relations with the Indians • Expanded down the Mississippi River • Most largely free of government control
New Netherland • Settled along the Hudson River around what is now New York • Established a busy port. • The Dutch and French became rivals in the fur trade. • The Rivals established alliances with Native tribes, thus increasing warfare among the Indians, French, Dutch, and English.
Jamestown • The 1st permanent English settlement • Had a disastrous start • Thanks to the Indians, they survived • When colonists started growing tobacco, the colony got better. By 1620, England was importing more than 30,000 lbs of tobacco a year.
You try and survive! • http://www.historyglobe.com/jamestown/
