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History of Marine Science

Explore the fascinating history of marine science, from early fishing techniques to the navigational advancements of Greek explorers. Learn about the reasons to study oceanography and the four main stages of its history. Answer study questions and be prepared to discuss in class.

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History of Marine Science

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  1. History of Marine Science 10,000 B.C. – 800 A.D.

  2. Homework • Read Chapter 2 • Pages 2- 10 • Answer study questions 1-5 p 2-4 • Be prepared to answer the two questions on page 2-2 in class • What are the 3 reasons to learn the history of Oceanography? • What are the four main stages in the history of oceanography?

  3. In The Begining _________ people used bone to make harpoons. __________ people made fishing hooks and nets more than 10,000 years ago.

  4. ________- refuse (garbage dump) of shells and bones found in piles near beachfronts. Give clues to what was eaten by these prehistoric peoples.

  5. From Shore to Water Simple rafts such as these trees lashed together were mans first attempts at navigation. Man’s first relationship with the sea was based on the finding of _____.

  6. Paleolithic people made bone ___________ to fish from shore. • Nets • Fishing Hooks • Harpoons • Knives

  7. Over 10,000 years ago _________ people made fishing nets and hooks to fish. • Neolithic • Paleolithic • Modern • No

  8. A Midden is a garbage dump. • True • False

  9. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  10. The first sea voyage? • The earliest recorded sea voyage took place around ___________under the leadership of the Egyptian Pharaoh Snefru • Historians and Scientists believe that seafaring was commonplace for some time before that in ancient Egypt

  11. Other firsts….. • First voyage of exploration documented around _________ B.C. • Egyptians entombed an entire ship (reed boat) in the _____________________ • This gives us the earliest glimpse of a ancient ship building

  12. Boat of ________

  13. The Phoenicians • The Phoenician Empire centered in what is now modern day Libya is today • The established the first _______ ______ _________ as far as the British Isles. Early Phoenician Coin depicting Phoenician war ship Notice the Sea Monster!

  14. The Oldest Shipwreck • Marine Archeologist _________found this ship which dates back to around _______ (King Tut was the Pharaoh of Egypt at the time of its sailing) The ship itself has disappeared but the cargo remained largely intact

  15. Phoenician Ships Early Design War Ship

  16. Polynesian explorers ______years ago Polynesian and Micronesian navigators were making some of mankind’s greatest voyages of discovery. Within 2500 years they had settled almost every island in the Pacific – an area of about _______ _____________

  17. Simple yet extremely effective!! • Imagine Traveling thousands of miles on the open ocean in one of these

  18. The Earliest Navigation Aids A __________________ ______is a sophisticated navigation aid based on knowledge the directions of approaching swells as well as wave refraction. Polynesians also used the stars to explore Micronesia in their double-hulled canoes.

  19. Still used by some to this day! Marshallese sailors navigating with a “stick chart.”

  20. Kon Tiki • In 1947 _______ _____________ built a replica of a _________________ to see if such a craft was capable of sailing thousands of miles in the open ocean. Sailing from Peru to • Movie and Book were produced from this adventure • The trip lasted _____ days and the 5 men traveled over ______ ________

  21. The Kon Tiki Raft at the Kon Tiki Museum in Oslo Norway

  22. Earliest recorded sea voyage was by the • Polynesians • Egyptians • Phoenicians • Europeans

  23. The earliest surviving ship was entombed in the • Pyramid of Snefru • Pyramid of Khufu • Pyramid of Tut • None of the above

  24. The Marine Archeologist who found the oldest shipwreck • Robert Ballard • George Bass • James Cook • John Harrison

  25. The Polynesians sailed the ________ Ocean in double hulled canoes • Atlantic • Indian • Pacific • Polynesian

  26. The Kon Tiki voyage lasted • 2 weeks • 1 year • 196 days • 101 days

  27. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

  28. Greek Exploration and Discovery • Greek contributions are mainly in the areas of Navigation and Cartography (map making) • _________ determined that tides can be predicted based on the phases of the Moon. Born: 380 ADDied: 310 AD.

  29. Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of the earth. He also invented the first Latitude Longitude system (irregular) • __________ improved on his system and we still use this regular grid system today! • Over 2000 years later!!!! Hipparchus Eratosthenes

  30. Maps • ____________ – the “Father of History” Publishes _____________ in 450 BC No copies survive This is what they Believe it looked like

  31. ______ determined that tides can be predicted based on the phases of the Moon • Eratosthenes • Hipparchus • Pytheas • Plato

  32. __________ published the first map of 450 BC • Herodotus • Aristophanes • Hipparchus • Eratosthenes

  33. The grid system invented and perfected by the Greeks is know today as • Graphing • Latitude and Longitude • GPS • Mapping

  34. Fastest Responders (in seconds)

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