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Middle Ages Europe 500-1300

Middle Ages Europe 500-1300. What do we mean by Classical Period? Post Classical?. From Rome to the Middle Ages. Dark Ages- 500-1000. Decline of Trade, Industry, and Towns. Fear of bandits reduced shipping distances Roads deteriorated Industry shut down lack of markets

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Middle Ages Europe 500-1300

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  1. Middle Ages Europe500-1300 What do we mean by Classical Period? Post Classical?

  2. From Rome to the Middle Ages

  3. Dark Ages-500-1000

  4. Decline of Trade, Industry, and Towns • Fear of bandits reduced shipping distances • Roads deteriorated • Industry shut down • lack of markets • Move to countryside • Europe becomes rural • Money replaced by barter

  5. Decline of Learning and Culture • Roman schools, libraries, museums destroyed • Arts and science neglected • Illiteracy except • monks and nuns • Survival

  6. Decline of Strong Central Government • Weak Germanic Kingdoms controlled government but failed to • provide protection • insure justice • maintain order • Changes in citizenship • Family ties not to king who was a stranger

  7. Muslim Viewpoint Backwards Stupid Brutish Reality Newer civilization Economy less advanced Manners less polished Images of the West

  8. Frankish Kingdom • Clovis • “Do nothing” kings • Mayor of the Palace

  9. King and Pope Pope Gregory the Great , 590 • Papacy political and spiritual power • Churchly kingdom—ruled by pope • Central theme in Middle Ages Charles Martel • Battle of Tours-732 Pepin the Short-741

  10. Carolingian Dynasty Charlemagne [Charles the Great] • Leadership • Warfare • Conversion by the Sword • Pope Leo III crowns Charlemagne in 800

  11. Capital-Aachen, Germany [Aix la Chapelle] Papal States

  12. Leadership Continued • Government • counties/counts • missi dominici • Education • schools • Latin manuscripts • Palace School • Death, Succession • Son Louis the Pious weak ruler • Treaty of Verdun divides kingdom

  13. Treaty of Verdun 843

  14. Vikings, Magyars, Islamic Invaders

  15. Feudalism- Political System The Monarch Lords provide Knights to protect Kingdom Nobles Knights promise to fight for the Lord Knights Serfs provide food & labor for the kingdom Serfs

  16. ManorialismEconomic System

  17. Serfs at Work

  18. High Middle Ages 1000-1300

  19. Influence of Monasteries Sent out missionaries, • By mid-1000’s most western Europeans were Roman Catholic. • Preserved ancient religious works and manuscripts. • Provided : - Hospitals - Food for the needy - Guest houses - Schools

  20. A Monk’s Day

  21. Lay Investiture • Practice of lay ( non-clergy like a King or noble) official investing (bestowing) a Church title on someone • Kings would choose Bishops instead of the Church

  22. Problems Between Pope and Emperor 1075- Pope Gregory VII -bans lay investiture Henry IV (Holy Roman Emperor) refuses to stop the practice Henry with help of Bishops he appointed orders Pope to step down Pope excommunicates Henry

  23. Concordat of Worms1122 Church and Emperor reach a compromise over lay investiture. - Emperor may nominate Bishops and grant land but Church alone could appoint Bishop - Pope could reject unworthy candidates - Emperor could veto Pope’s choice

  24. The Church Hierarchy The Papacy Pope Upper clergy Cardinals Bishops Priests, Monks, Nuns -- the lower clergy

  25. Power of the Church Church helped govern western Europe. 1. Own courts and laws Canon Law 2. Disobedience to church laws had severe penalties. Church received money and land from nobles to ensure salvation.

  26. Gothic Architecture

  27. Heresy Denying the basic church teachings. - Excommunication=eternal damnation

  28. Middle Ages Trade and Growth of Towns

  29. Crusades Spark Trade

  30. Walled City

  31. 1000-1300Agriculture • Need for increased food supply • Warmer climate • More land cultivated • New farm methods • Horse Collar • Horseshoe • Three Field System • Increased population

  32. Trade • Merchant Guilds • Controlled production and prices • Provided security in trade • Craft Guilds • Husbands and wives worked together • Cloth making had more female workers • Quality control • Training guidelines • Local and long distance trade-mostly in towns • Trade Fairs

  33. Finance Commercial Revolution • Need for large amounts of cash or credit and ways to exchange different currencies • Bills of Exchange • Letters of Credit • New Markets • Usury and the Church

  34. Commercial Revolution

  35. Growth of Towns • Increased population • Relatively small populations • Located at crossroads and waterways • Narrow streets • Dirty • Lack of fresh air, light, clean water • Houses built of wood with thatched roofs • Serfs flee to towns to seek freedom • Rising merchant class

  36. Early High Middle Ages Europe Crusades Black Death 2nd AgriculturalRevolution New Economy Kings Lords Bishops Lower lords PeasantsParish priests Serfs Kings LordsBishops GUILDS (university) journeyman Lower lords apprentice laborers Peasants Parish priests Townsmen

  37. The Black Death 1347 - 1351

  38. The Culprits

  39. 1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!

  40. The Symptoms Bulbous Septicemia Form:almost 100% mortality rate.

  41. From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411

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