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Chapter 28.1 and 28.2 pages 521 to 536

Chapter 28.1 and 28.2 pages 521 to 536. Content Standard 4: The Earth System – A system that has changed over time, which includes dynamic changes in the Earth’s crust, is the Earth system 1. Geologic time can be estimated by observing rock sequences and using

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Chapter 28.1 and 28.2 pages 521 to 536

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  1. Chapter 28.1 and 28.2pages 521 to 536 Content Standard 4: The Earth System – A system that has changed over time, which includes dynamic changes in the Earth’s crust, is the Earth system 1. Geologic time can be estimated by observing rock sequences and using fossils to correlate sequences at various locations.

  2. Chapter 28: The Changing EarthSection 1: Understanding Earth Refer to Figure 28.2 page 521 Steno’s ideas & relative dating – superposition, original horizontality, and lateral continuity Interpreting rock formations – cross-cutting Relationships, inclusions and faunal successions • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\An_Introduction_to_the_Forces_That_Shape_the_Earth.asf

  3. Chapter 28: The Changing EarthSection 1: Understanding Earth Calculating Earth’s age – radioactive decay, compare ages, & geologic time scale Inside Earth – lithosphere and asthenosphere Refer to page 525 Layers of Earth – crust, mantle, core – Note difference between continental and oceanic crusts • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\What_Is_It_Like_Below_the_Surface_of_the_Earth_.asf

  4. Chapter 28: The Changing EarthSection 1: Understanding Earth Read 525 and 527 to strengthen understanding of section 1 • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\What_Are_the_Lithosphere_and_the_Asthenosphere_.asf

  5. Chapter 28: The Changing EarthSection 2: Plate Tectonics The surface of Earth – Pangaea, continental drift, plate tectonics, tectonic plates The movement of tectonic plates affects Earth’s surface & causes earthquakes & volcanoes. • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\What_Is_Plate_Tectonics_.asf

  6. Chapter 28: The Changing EarthSection 2: Plate Tectonics Continental drift – Wegener’s evidence in 1915 The Origin of Continents and Oceans Rocks, fossils and glacier evidences. • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\In_What_Ways_Do_the_Major_Plates_Move_.asf

  7. Chapter 28: The Changing EarthSection 2: Plate Tectonics Sea-floor spreading – early 1960’s (Wegner died in 1930) mid-ocean ridge and sea-floor spreading Refer to Figure 28.12 and Mid-ocean ridges located on page 530. • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\How_Does_Plate_Movement_Generate_Earthquakes_.asf

  8. Chapter 28: The Changing EarthSection 2: Plate Tectonics Magnetic patterns on the sea-floor – striping patterns – Describing plate boundaries – faults Divergent plate boundaries – 534 Convergent plate boundaries – 535 Transform plate boundaries - 536 • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\How_Does_Plate_Movement_Generate_Volcanoes_.asf

  9. Chapter 28.3 and 29.1pages 537 to 545 & 551 to 561 Content Standard 4: The Earth System – A system that has changed over time, which includes dynamic changes in the Earth’s crust, is the Earth system 2. The solid crust of the Earth consists of separate plates that move very slowly pressing against one another in some places and pulling apart in other places (i.e. volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain building)

  10. Chapter 28: The Changing EarthSection 3: Earthquakes • Definition of earthquake. • Fault • Focus • Epicenter • Types of seismic waves – 3 types • Measurement of earthquakes • Ring of Fire • Seismologists and how to determine an epicenter

  11. Chapter 29: Formation of RocksSection 1: Volcanoes Terms to define: magma, volcano, lava, magma chambers, pyroclasts (551), vents, pipes (551), crater, partial melt (552), subduction zone, shield volcano, stratovolcanoes, cinder cone volcanoes, hot spots (555), chemosynthesis (559),pahoehoe (559), Aa (559), kimberlites (560) • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\Earth_s_Structure_and_the_Formation_of_Volcanoes.asf

  12. Chapter 29: Formation of RocksSection 1: Volcanoes Terms defined continued: active volcano (561), dormant volcano (561), igneous rock, batholith (561) • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\Subduction__Magma_Chambers__and_the_Eruption_of_Volcanoes.asf

  13. Chapter 29: Formation of RocksSection 1: Volcanoes Read about the Ring of Fire page 553 • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\The_Ring_of_Fire.asf

  14. Chapter 29: Formation of RocksSection 1: Volcanoes Types of volcanoes are located on pages 554 to 557: Shield, stratovolcano and cinder cone • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\Types_of_Volcanoes.asf

  15. Chapter 29: Formation of RocksSection 1: Volcanoes Lava – magma that reaches the Earth’s surface • C:\Documents and Settings\gchong\My Documents\Lava_on_Land_and_in_Water.asf

  16. Chapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641 Content Standard 5: The Universe – The universe is an ever-changing system of matter and energy that exists now, in the past, and in the future. • The stars differ from each other in size, temperature, & age, but they appear to be made up of the same elements that are found on Earth.

  17. Chapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641 Content Standard 5: The Universe – The universe is an ever-changing system of matter and energy that exists now, in the past, and in the future. 2. All stars have life cycle including birth, development, and death. Fusion reactions in stars release great amounts of energy and matter over millions of years.

  18. Terms that need to be defined: Star, energy, mass, speed of light, fusion, density, constellation (633) spectroscopy, spectrometer, helios (634) size, temperature, brightness, medium-sized star, supergiants, giants, white dwarfs, neutron stars (635) magnitudes, apparent brightness, absolute brightness, photometer, Parsecs (636)

  19. Terms that need to be defined: H-R diagram, main sequence stars (637) Nebula, protostar (638) planetary nebula, black dwarf (639) supernova, neutron star, black hole (640)

  20. Chapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641 Albert Einstein’s famous equation (1915): E = mc2 E = energy ; m = mass ; c = speed of light Stars have a high value for density and mass. Nuclear_Fusion.asf

  21. Chapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641 Spectroscopy is a tool of astronomy in which the electromagnetic radiation (including visible light) produce by a star or other object (called its spectrum) is analyzed. Refer to figure 32.3 – page 634 Let’s look at color and temperature of stars. The_Color_of_Stars.asf

  22. Chapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641 Let’s look at the how stars are formed. How_Stars_Form.asf

  23. Chapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641 Classification of Stars: read page 635 Refer to Table 32.1: Stars, their colors, and their surface temperature page 635 • Neutron_Stars_and_Black_Holes.asf

  24. Chapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641 Read about magnitudes, apparent and absolute brightness. Page 636 Know how to read a H-R diagram: Dependent variable is absolute brightness Independent variable is temperature Look at the main sequence stars

  25. Chapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641 Life Cycle of stars – pages 638 – 639 • The_Life_Cycle_of_Stars.asf

  26. Chapter 32: The UniverseSection 1 only – pages 631 to 641 Conclusion of a star’s life cycle: • Dying_Stars_and_Conclusion.asf

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