The Road to the AMERICAN REVOLUTION (CAUSES, EVENTS, PEOPLE, AND BATTLES)

1. The Road to the AMERICAN REVOLUTION (CAUSES, EVENTS, PEOPLE, AND BATTLES)

2. French and Indian War 1754 Disputes in the Ohio Valley between France and Great Britain Many of the Native American tribes were allies with the French Iroquois Indians were allies with the British The French and Indians (Native Americans) fought the Colonists and British. Fighting started in colonies and spread to Europe

3. French and Indian War • Fierce fighting • Spain also sided with French -1761 • England won the war in the colonies and overseas • The land held by the French and Spanish was redistributed after the war.

4. The 7 Years War1756-1763 This is what the French Indian War was called in Europe War spread from colonies to the world England owned HUGE amount of land-$$$ War cost money, Great Britain had debts to pay

6. Treaty of Paris- end of war • The western border of GA changed from California to the Mississippi River • England- E of MS River and Canada • France- W of MS River • Spain- lose FL and gets Cuba • The southern border changed to the St. Mary’s River • Treaty of Augusta with the Creek tripled GA’s size

7. The Proclamation of 1763 Issued by King George 3 Goal was to prevent more spending Moved land/colonies’ borders Told settlers where they could live Changed colony shape and size

8. The Proclamation of 1763 Granted land recently won by England in the French and Indian War to the Native Americans. Effectively shrank the land now granted to the colonies. Used to prevent further conflict with Native Americans.

9. The Proclamation of 1763 No more settlers were to move to the Indian's land west of the Appalachian Mountains. Settlers who were already living there had to move back east.

10. How did the Proclamation effect Georgia? • Gained over 2 million acres of land • Headright System- had of each family given the right to 100 acres, an additional 50 acres for each family member • Brought many new settlers to Georgia • Many brought slaves to farm the land • Population grew rapidly- grew from 10,000 to 50,000 between 1766-1776

11. What else is going on in Georgia? • No longer worried about fighting the French, Spanish, or Native Americans • Change in society- wealthy planter families and shipping merchants were leaders of the colony • Growth of slavery • Savannah considered the center of the colony • Some anger over mercantilism caused smuggling

12. Cost of the French and Indian War

13. Sugar Act 1764 1st act/tax by King George 3 to help pay off war debt Taxed non-British imports- sugar,coffee, textiles, wine, indigo. Was stopped in 1765

14. Stamp Act • 1765 • All legal and commercial documents had to have the “official” stamp- got stamp after paid tax • Contracts, playing cards, papers, pamphlets • expensive • Georgia was the only colony where the stamp was purchased • Response: Stamp Act Congress 1766, tax revoked

15. Townshend Acts 1767 Was still meant to pay for the French and Indian War. Taxed glass, paint, oil, lead, paper, tea Still no representation. Violent protests resulted Led to the Boston Massacre

17. Tea Act 1773 Helped East India Tea Company Gave the company a monopoly for selling tea in the colonies. Resulted in Boston Tea Party- huge protest.

18. The Intolerable Acts • Series of Acts- 1774: • 1-Boston Harbor is closed until the dumped tea has been paid for • 2-Revolutionary groups such as the Sons of Liberty are outlawed and town meetings can only be held once a year, self gov’t outlawed or limited • 3-Quartering Act is passed – House and feed British soldiers • THE BIG QUESTION: http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid10 172900001?bctid=1672039380

19. How did the Georgia colonists feel? May colonists did not like the taxes imposed by Britain, but Georgia had been very prosperous and grown under British rule. Merchants relied on British trade. Many colonists felt like they should be able to take part in making the laws. Georgians also still feared attacks by the Native Americans if they were not protected by Britain. CAN YOU THINK OF OTHER REASONS?

20. 1774 First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia- Georgia did not send a delegate Why do you believe that Georgia was not present at the 1st Continental Congress

21. First Continental Congress • 1774- Philadelphia • Reps- all colonies except GA • Passed resolves- intentions: • Boycott all British trade until Intolerable Acts repealed • Told MA colonists- form gov’t and hold all taxes until act repealed • Encouraged colonists- arm selves- form militias

22. Georgia’s Response to the Acts • NO delegates to the First Continental Congress • Most Georgians followed old rules • A minority group of 30 men met twice at Peter Tondee’s Tavern about the Acts • LIBERTY BOYS http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid10172900001?bctid=1697222356 • GA felt needed to keep good relations with the British- military and economy • Lyman Hall went as rep for just ONE parish- present Effingham County NOT for whole colony

23. A Colony Divided Loyalists- Colonists who supported Great Britain Patriots- Colonists who supported the revolution Even at the point of the first battle in the war for independence, many Georgians were undecided as to who they supported

24. The Shot Heard Round the WorldApril 1775 • Lexington and Concord were the first battles of the Revolutionary War • Colonists had to decide whether they were Loyalists (loyal to Britain) or Patriots (rebelled against Britain) • Loyalists were also called Tories • Patriots were also called Whigs

25. Paul Revere’s House

26. Old North Church

27. Boston North End- near Paul Revere’s House

28. Loyalists and Patriots in GA • Loyalists (Tories) most numerous in GA- felt England was helping them • Quakers and the Salzburgers • Many in coastal Georgia since merchants • Patriots (Whigs) hated the taxes imposed on them • Scots around Darien, the Jews in Savannah • Upcountry area, Augusta

29. Moving Towards Independence

30. The Second Continental Congress • 1775 • Reps met in Philadelphia and voted to cut off trade with GA because of its early actions and lack of action. • A Continental Army is created and George Washington is General.

31. GA and the 2nd Continental Congress • 3 representatives to be sent to Philadelphia. • Georgia joined the other colonies and : • 1-boycott of British goods and • 2-threatened to declare independence if not given rights as Brit citizens

32. Decision of Independence • Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence • Georgia delegates signed the Declaration • Lyman Hall • Button Gwinnett • George Walton • July 4, 1776, Congress adopted the document • August 2, 1776, Congress signed the document

33. Button Gwinnett Planter who was elected to Georgia’s Commons House of Assembly in 1769 Joined the Continental Congress in 1776 Helped pass Georgia’s first constitution in 1777, and was appointed Georgia’s Commander in Chief Died May 19, 1777 In a dual with another military leader

34. George Walton Patriot- Very active in the revolutionary government Captured by British in Savannah in 1778 1779 released and elected Governor of colony Served again as representative in congress In early years of republic, he served as Chief Justice of Georgia, delegate to the Constitutional Convention, part of the electoral college, governor, US Senator, and justice of state superior court.

35. Lyman Hall Owned plantation in Georgia Elected to Continental Congress • involved in provisioning food and medicine for the Revolutionary Armies • Fled to Connecticut when his property was burned by British and he was accused of High Treason • returned to Georgia in 1782, to reclaim his lands, was elected to the House of Assembly in 1783 and then elevated to the office of the Governor

36. Georgia Takes Action • Nobel W. Jones and Joseph Habersham led a group of Patriots in stealing 600 pounds of “royal” gunpowder in Savannah. • Governor Wright sent a letter to England requesting more troops, but the South Carolinians intercepted it and sent a fake letter saying things were okay in GA. • Provincial Congress

37. Fighting In Georgia • Battle of the Rice Boats – Took place in the Savannah Harbor-PATRIOTS burned rice boats to keep the British from getting the rice-Caused Gov. Wright to leave for England • Siege of Savannah (Battle of)– The British troops captured Savannah, Sunbury, Midway and then Augusta-The Creek helped them gain control of Georgia SAVANNAH UNDER ATTACK: http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid10172900001?bctid=1672104368 • Battle of Kettle Creek – Patriots with Colonels Elijah Clarke and Austin Dabney, along with General Nathaneal Greene defeated the Loyalist militia at Augusta, • small battle, showed Patriot power

38. Important People of the Revolutionary War Era • Austin Dabney – Free man of mixed parentage – Fought at Kettle Creek and was wounded – Revolutionary War hero, 1st Black to own land in GA • Nancy Hart – Held 5-6 British soldiers or Tories at gunpoint in her house – Hart County is named for her and is the only county in GA named for a woman • THE NANCY HART STORYhttp://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid10172900001?bctid=1672039382

39. More famous Georgians… Nathaneal and Caty Greene Elbert Elijah Clarke Lighthorse Harry Lee

40. End of the War • British General Cornwallis was defeated at the Battle of Yorktown- last battle • Colonel Elijah Clarke led GA and SC troops in taking back Augusta, which led to the British leaving Savannah • The signing of the Treaty of Paris officially ended the American Revolution • 1783

41. Creating a Government FOR THE COUNTRY: • ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION 1778 FOR THE STATE: • FIRST GEORGIA CONSTITUTION 1777

42. Articles of Confederation • First form of a constitution • Button Gwinnett helped in writing them • Congress could declare war, sign treaties, deliver mail, and create money • States had the most power but only one vote each in Congress

43. Weaknesses of the Articles • Congress could not collect taxes, so it couldn’t pay for the war • Congress could not control trade or enforce laws • Congress could not pay the soldiers, so they gave many of them land instead • Shay’s Rebellion showed that the Articles needed to be revised

44. Constitutional Convention of 1787 • This convention was held to write a new Constitution • 2 Georgia reps who signed Constitution: • 1-Abraham Baldwin and • 2-William Few

45. GA’s State Constitution • Georgia’s first constitution set up a unicameral legislature (1 house) • Georgia’s second constitution set up a bicameral legislature (2 houses) • The bicameral consists of a Senate and a House of Reps. Also, GA set up 3 branches of government: legislative, judicial, and executive