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INFLAMMATION and TISSUE REPAIR

INFLAMMATION and TISSUE REPAIR. Inflammatory Response. Occurs when tissue is irritated or damaged Coordinated local response involves Mast Cells Macrophages ( and leukocytes). Inflammation: Symptoms. Localized Vasodilation and Increased capillary permeability cause: Redness Heat

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INFLAMMATION and TISSUE REPAIR

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  1. INFLAMMATION and TISSUE REPAIR

  2. Inflammatory Response • Occurs when tissue is irritated or damaged • Coordinated local response involves • Mast Cells • Macrophages ( and leukocytes)

  3. Inflammation: Symptoms • Localized Vasodilation and Increased capillary permeability cause: • Redness • Heat • Swelling • Pain • Decreased Function

  4. A Closer Look at Edema • Vasodilation = redness/heat • Increased Vascular Permeability • Vascular Disruption (Bleeding)

  5. Inflammatory Mediators • Mast Cells: Chemical Coordination • Histamines: Vascular Permeability/swelling and WBC’s • Prostaglandins: Vasodilation/Pain • Kinins/Leukotrienes: Infection control - activates WBC’s

  6. Anti-Inflammatory Meds • Steroids: Cortisol (cortisone), Dexamethasone, Prednisone etc. • Inhibit mediators • Inhibit immune response • Systemic meds for local problems • MANY serious side effects and so is used conservatively

  7. Anti-Inflammatory Meds • NSAID’s: Non Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs: Aspirin, Ibuprofen, etc. • Inhibit Prostaglandins • Also decreases platelet activity (blood clotting) -> Bleeding risk • Dehydration?

  8. “This Just In” • First Aid for ACUTE INJURY • R (Rest) • I (ICE) • C (Compression) • E (Elevation)

  9. No NSAID’s for Acute Injury • Inflammatory Response is NORMAL and GOOD • Inhibitions of IR for acute injury will slow healing • Chronic Inflammation requires anti-inflammatory treatment

  10. Tissue Repair: Steps 1 & 2 • Clot Formation: Stops Bleeding - Inflammatory Response is initiated -> Vasodilation/permeability • Scab Formation: Platelets produce fibrin - sequesters the wound: Fibroblasts and Macrophages move in to “clean-up” and “build”

  11. Tissue Repair: Steps 3 & 4 • Granulation Tissue is generated: New collagen (fibroblasts) and blood vessels develop • Replacement Tissue: Normal connective tissue or scar (persistent granulation tissue)

  12. Replacement or Regeneration? • Labile Cells: Continually dividing - capable of regeneration of normal tissue (Stem Cells) • Stable Cells: Not dividing unless injured - may regenerate • Permanent Cells: Unable to divide - damage leads to replacement

  13. Assignment: • Turn in Histology Labs • Answer the “Develop Your Reasoning Skills” in groups of 3 (2 questions each)

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