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Tissue Repair

Tissue Repair. Regeneration of injured cells by cells of same type, for example regeneration of skin/oral mucosa Replacement by fibrous tissue ( fibroplasia , scar formation) Both require cell growth, differentiation, and cell-matrix interaction. Varieties of Proliferative Potential.

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Tissue Repair

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  1. Tissue Repair

  2. Regeneration of injured cells by cells of same type, for example regeneration of skin/oral mucosa Replacement by fibrous tissue (fibroplasia, scar formation) Both require cell growth, differentiation, and cell-matrix interaction

  3. Varieties of Proliferative Potential • Stable (quiescent) cells: • Normally little proliferation but remain capable of more rapid cell division following injury. • Liver, kidney, pancreas, endothelium, fibroblasts • Chances of regeneration are GOOD

  4. Varieties of Proliferative Potential • Labile (always dividing) cells: • Replace dying cells • Epithelial cells of the skin, oral cavity, exocrine ducts, and GI tract; endometrial and bone marrow cells. • Chances of regeneration are EXCELLENT

  5. Varieties of Proliferative Potential • Permanent (non-dividing ) cells: • Not capable of proliferation. • Irreversible injury leads only to scar • Nerve cells, myocardium, skeletal muscle,

  6. Cell Cycle

  7. Cell Signaling Patterns • Autocrine = ligand is secreted and detected by same cell • Paracrine = ligand is secreted and separately detected by neighboring cells • Endocrine = ligands (usually hormones) are secreted into the vasculature to affect distant target cells

  8. Wound healing

  9. Healing by first intension (primary) • This occurs in clean, incised wound with good apposition of the edges.

  10. 24 hours

  11. 3 to 7 days

  12. WEEKs

  13. Healing by second intension(secondary) • This occurs in open wound, particularly when there has been significant loss of tissue , necrosis or infection

  14. 24 hours

  15. 3 to 7 days

  16. WEEKs

  17. FIBROSIS • Fibrosis, in general, refers to any fibroblast proliferation with deposition of excess extracellular matrix which is mostly collagen. • Leads to functional loss. • It is the end result of wound healing

  18. This is a healing biopsy site on the skin seen a week following the excision, The skin surface has re-epithelialized, and below this is granulation tissue with small capillaries and fibroblasts forming collagen.

  19. Complications of Wounds • Deficient scar formation – wound dehiscence/ ulceration • Excess repair – keloid formation • Excess contraction – joint contractures/ intra-abdominal adhesions

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