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Connective Tissue, Specialized Tissue and Repair

Connective Tissue, Specialized Tissue and Repair. Biology 2121 Chapter 4. Characteristics of Connective Tissue. General Characteristics Less cellular ; nonliving part Vascular (exception is cartilage) Innervated Functions Protection and insulation (organs)

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Connective Tissue, Specialized Tissue and Repair

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  1. Connective Tissue, Specialized Tissue and Repair Biology 2121 Chapter 4

  2. Characteristics of Connective Tissue • GeneralCharacteristics • Lesscellular; nonliving part • Vascular (exception is cartilage) • Innervated • Functions • Protection and insulation (organs) • Binds tissues – ligaments • Transports vital substances (blood) • Stored energy source (adipose tissue) • Supports epithelial tissue • StemCell – Mesenchyme • All CT cells originate

  3. CT Stem Cell • StemCell – Mesenchyme • All CT cells originate from this embryonic stem cell • Each type of CT has a specific ‘main’ cell type • Secretes the matrix • Maintains the tissue

  4. General Characteristics - Structure • LessCells-MoreMatrix • Refers to the “non-cellular” part of connective tissue • Fibers, water, organic molecules, acid 3. Othercelltypes • May or may not be present • Mast cells; macrophages; adipose cells; plasma cells

  5. The Matrix • Composed of ‘groundsubstance’ and ‘fibers’ • GroundSubstance • Between cells and fibers • Water • Organicmolecules – ‘Glycosaminoglycans’ (GAG’s) • Protein core (proteoglycans) with GAGs attached • Chondroitin sulfate; keratan sulfate; Hyaluraonic acid 2. Function of the GroundSubstance • Water storage; binds and supports cells; tissue development

  6. Fibers • 3. Fibers • (a). Collagen – found in bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments • Fibrous Protein • (b). Elastic – ‘elastin’ protein; stretch and contract; found in skin, BVs, lung tissue • (c). Reticular – fine collagen bundles; thin; support spleen and lymph structures; forms part of basement membrane

  7. Classification of Connective Tissue • ConnectiveTissueProper • MainCellType: Fibroblasts • Characteristics • Examples – LooseCT • 1. Areolar CT • 2. Adipose • 3. Reticular CT • DenseCT • 1. Regular Dense CT • 2. Irregular Dense CT

  8. Dense CT • DenseCT • 1. Regular Dense CT • 2. Irregular Dense CT

  9. Classification of Connective Tissue 2. Cartilage • MainCellType: Chondrocytes • Characteristics • Examples: • 1. Hyaline • 2. Elastic • 3. Fibrocartilage

  10. Classification of Connective Tissue 3. OsseousTissue • MainCellType: Osteocytes • Characteristics • Example: • 1. Compact Bone • 2. Spongy Bone 4. Blood • Cells: Erythrocytes, Leukocytes; Platelets • Why is blood considered a connective tissue? • Plasma

  11. Specialized Tissue - Membranes • Parts of the body are covered by ‘membranes’ which are composed of several different types of tissue • Connective Tissue bound to Epithelial Tissue • Examples: • 1. Cutaneousmembranes • 2. Mucousmembranes • 3. Serousmembranes

  12. Specialized Tissue - Membranes • Cutaneous • Stratifiedsquamous (keratin) + DenseIrregularCT • “Dry Membrane” ; Skin • Mucous • Stratifiedsquamous/simplecolumnar + LooseCT • Moist; Lines body cavity; digestive and respiratory • Serous • Simplesquamous + areolarlooseCT • Referred to as ‘mesothelia’ • ‘closed’ ventral cavities • Serous fluid (anti-frictional) • Examples: Pleura, Pericardium, Peritoneum

  13. Injury and Repair of Tissue • Ability to Repair • 1. Epithelium, bone, CT proper, dense irregular, blood regenerateswell • 2. Smooth muscle and dense regular regenerate moderatelywell • 3. Skeletal muscle and cartilage repair but poorly • 4. Cardiac and nervous tissue (none) • Fibrous scar tissue • Dependson: • Supporting CT ability produce new cells • Functioning organ and tissue ability to produce new cells

  14. Tissue Repair • Begins with Inflammation • Capillaries dilate; tissue inflamed • Dying cells/tissue release chemicals • WBCs, macrophages, platelets enter • Granulation • New collagen develops; BVs branch to all parts of injured tissue • Connective tissue grows – ‘granulation tissue’ across the wound • SCAB and Tissue Regeneration • Fibrosis

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