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Acids Lesson 5 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis

Acids Lesson 5 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis. Acid Rain Acid Rain is caused by acid anhydrides N O 2 N 2 O 4 automobile pollution S O 2 S O 3 coal & smelter pollution SO 3 + H 2 O → H 2 SO 4( aq ) Rain Acid Rain has pH < 5. Normal Rain has pH = 6 due to dissolved CO 2

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Acids Lesson 5 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis

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  1. Acids Lesson 5 Acid Rain & Hydrolysis

  2. Acid Rain Acid Rainis caused by acidanhydrides NO2N2O4automobile pollution SO2SO3 coal & smelter pollution SO3 + H2O → H2SO4(aq)Rain Acid Rainhas pH < 5

  3. Normal Rainhas pH = 6 due to dissolved CO2 CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 Acid raindissolves metal, limestone, concrete structures. Acid raindecreases the pH of lakes and causes toxic metals to leach into them.

  4. Hydrolysis of Salts 1. Neutral Salts Consider the acid and base that makes NaCl NaCl HCl + NaOH → NaCl + HOH strong acid strong base neutral salt When the acid and base parents are both strong the salt is always neutral.

  5. A neutral salt will dissociate in water. NaCl → Na+ + Cl- Cross off ionsfrom strong parents that are neutral. no ions hydrolyze- neutral

  6. Hydrolysis of Salts 2. Basic Salts Consider NaCN Consider the acid and base that makes NaCN HCN + NaOH→ NaCN + HOH weak acid strong base basic salt

  7. A basic salt will first dissociatein water NaCN → Na+ + CN- Na+neutral CN- base. CN- + H2O ⇄ HCN + OH- Hydrolysis

  8. Hydrolysis of Salts 3. Acidic Salts Consider NH4Cl HCl + NH3 → NH4Cl strong acid weak base acid salt

  9. NH4Cl → NH4+ + Cl- positive ion- acid Cl-neutral NH4+ acid NH4+ + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + NH3 Hydrolysis

  10. 4. Acidic Salts Consider FeCl3 3HCl + Fe(OH)3 → FeCl3 + 3HOH strong acid weak base acid salt

  11. H2O H2O H2O Fe3+ OH- H2O H2O H2O

  12. H2O H2O H2O Fe3+ H+ OH- H2O H2O

  13. FeCl3 → Fe3+ + 3Cl- positive ion - acid Fe(H2O)63+⇄ H+ + Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+ Look for the reaction on the acid chart! Hydrolysis- when the positive or negative ion in a salt reacts with water as an acid or base.

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