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THE ACID RAIN

THE ACID RAIN. Environmental Engineer Group. INTRODUCTION. ACID DEPOSITION. 1. Dry deposition - Acidic gases and particles 2. Wet deposition - Acidic rain, fog and snow. THE ACID RAIN. What is Acid rain?

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THE ACID RAIN

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  1. THE ACID RAIN Environmental Engineer Group

  2. INTRODUCTION

  3. ACID DEPOSITION 1. Dry deposition - Acidic gases and particles 2. Wet deposition - Acidic rain, fog and snow

  4. THE ACID RAIN What is Acid rain? - Acid rain is rain, snow or fog that is polluted by acid in the atmosphere and damages the environment. ACID RAIN DROP

  5. Acid Rain (Acid Precipitation) Any precipitation carrying dissolved acids from natural or man made causes. Examples; a. CO2 dissolves in H2O---------> Creates carbonic acid (H2CO3) b. Sulfur dioxide (from internal combustion) mixes with H2O ---------> Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) c. Nitrogen oxides (from internal combustion) mixes with H2O ---------> Nitric Acid (HNO3) *Acid precipitation may have a pH as low as 3. Very Acidic! *Acids in the air may be carried thousands of miles from their source, polluting soil & water in pristine areas!

  6. DAMAGES THE ENVIRONMENT

  7. pH

  8. pH • a number on a scale of 0 to 14 which shows how acid or alkaline a substance is • Measure the amount of acid in a liquid – like water

  9. The Water Molecule • Formula of water = H20 H = hydrogen 2 = 2 hydrogen atoms O = oxygen. http://www.miamisci.org/ph

  10. Pour acid into water give up H+ to water = acid Pour base into water give up OH- to water = base http://www.miamisci.org/ph

  11. http://www.miamisci.org/ph

  12. http://www.miamisci.org/ph

  13. Normal rain = slightly acidic = 5.5 (carbon dioxide dissolves into it) • In 2000, rain pH = 4.3 (in the US) http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/acidrain

  14. Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

  15. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) • cause by natural phenomena and anthropogenic activities • is soluble in water • can be oxidised within airborne water droplets • producing sulphuric acid

  16. Comes From • combustion of fossil fuels • oxidation of organic material in soils • volcanic eruptions • biomass burning http://www.temis.nl/products/so2.html

  17. Reaction • Sulphur dioxide is an acidic gas • Easily be made by adding water SO2 (g) SO2 (aq) SO2 (aq) + H2O (l) H2SO3 (aq) weakly dibasic acid http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/so2/so2h.htm

  18. Nitrogen Oxide ( NOx )

  19. Residential cars commercial furnaces Industrial electrical-utility boilers Engines other equipment The Combustion Of Fuels

  20. Canada’s largest contributor of NOx( 1998 ) http://www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html

  21. America’s largest contributor of NOx( 1998 ) http://www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html

  22. the NOx emissions amount( 1998 ) http://www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html

  23. Critical Load:a measure of how much pollution an environment can tolerate Target Load:the amount of pollution that is considered achievable and politically acceptable Critical Load & Target Load

  24. The amount of wet sulphate deposition (kg/ha/yr) http://www.ec.gc.ca/acidrain/acidfact.html

  25. Environmental Engineer History of Acid Rain Major problem area

  26. History of Acid Rain • Originated during the 1730's • Discovered in the 1950's • Started being noticed in the 1960's • 1984－Germany • 1988－United Nations • 2000

  27. Major problem area

  28. Major problem area • Canada • British Columbia • United States • Central Europe • Asia

  29. Virtual Globe http://www.virtualglobe.org/en/info/env/03/acid06.html The acid rain report http://www.angelfire.com/ks3/acidrainreport/history2.html Living Landscapes http://royal.okanagan.bc.ca/mpidwirn/atmosphereandclimate/acidprecip.html#a Reference

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