World History STAAR Review Spring 2013

1. World History STAAR Review Spring 2013

2. Ancient Civilizations Tab

3. Ancient Civilizations Tab (Continued on back)

4. Ancient Civilizations • Map goes on the Ancient Civilization tab • Color the ancient river valley civilizations different colors so that your notes can be color coded.

5. Ancient Civilizations • Add timeline 8,000 B.C. Neolithic Revolution- Transition from food gathering to food producing • 3,000 B.C. • Sumerian writing, bronze, wheel, plow • Egyptian civilization begins 700 B.C. Rise of Greek city-states 2500 B.C. Indus Valley Civilizations 1800 B.C. Babylonian Empire

6. Egyptian Civilization (3100 B.C.-330 B.C.) • Nile river supported the Egyptians who built their civilization along its banks • Wrote in hieroglyphics on papyrus (first paper) • Great pyramids housed mummified remains of pharaoh • Superior math, science, medicine, and technology

7. Mesopotamia (3100 B.C.- 540 B.C.) • “The land between two rivers” • Sumer/Sumerians considered the first civilization that lived in this region • Cuneiform- first writing system developed by Sumerians • Invented the first wheel and irrigation • Code of Hammurabi- Babylonian king wrote first laws in history • Persians finally ended Babylonian rule

8. Indus River Valley (3300 B.C. – 500 A.D.) • Third ancient river valley civilization; developed near Indus River • Two advanced cities: Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. Laid out on a grid with advanced drainage and sewage system • Aryan invaders brought the writing of Sanskrit and philosophy of Hinduism • 600 B.C.- Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism • 321 B.C. – Mauryan Empire established by Chandragupta; Golden Age of India

9. Ancient Chinese Civilizations (1600 B.C.- 220 A.D.) • Developed near the Huang He/ Yellow River in China • 1600-1046 B.C.- Shang dynasty produced silk, bronze, and first language of China • 1045-256 B.C.- Zhou dynasty replaced Shang dynasty stating that they had lost the Mandate of Heaven, or that God has given them the right to rule.

10. World Religions Tab

11. World Religions Tab

12. World Religions Tab

13. Classical Era TabPre-Columbian Civilizations

14. Pre-Columbian Civilizations • Color the areas of the map different colors to represent where the Incas, Mayans, and Aztecs lived • Map should go in the Classical Era tab

15. Pre-Columbian Civilizations

16. Classical Era Tab Rome & Greece

17. Greece & Rome Greece (c. 750BC) Location: Balkan peninsula Religion: Greek mythology, many gods Arts: Theatre (Drama), sculpture, philosophy Democracy- rule by the people Persian Wars- series of wars between Greece & Persia (5th century B.C. Peloponnesian War- war between Greece & Sparta (Sparta won) Philosophers: Aristotle, Socrates, Plato Alexander the Great- conquered the largest empire of the ancient world Hellenistic- blend of cultures with Greek after Alexander’s conquests

18. Greece & Rome Rome c. 500 B.C. Location: West side of Italy Government: Senate w/ 2 consuls Punic Wars- 3 wars between Rome & Carthage; Hannibal is Carthage’s greatest general First Triumvirate- Caesar + Crassus + Pompey, try to reform Rome, broke apart Fall of Rome: civil war/unrest, division of empire, corruption, invaders • Eastern half of empire (Byzantine) flourished

19. Middle Ages/Renaissance Tab

20. Middle Ages Religion • Church is a unifying force • Religion affects daily lives • Crusades-wars to regain holy land (resulted in expanded trade, decline of pope’s power, king stronger) Power/Authority • Feudalism- lords with estates hold power/ exchange land for services • Power struggle between political leaders & pope • Magna Carta- limited King’s authority Empire Building • When the Roman Empire fell, Europe dissolved into small kingdoms • Charlemagne & Otto

21. Middle Ages Bubonic Plague- deadly disease that swept through Europe & killed 1/3 of population Hundred Years War- conflict between England & France on French soil (1337-1453)

22. Renaissance Vocab • Humanism- focus on human potential & achievements • Secular- worldly/concerned with here & now • Notable Works • Machiavelli’s The Prince • Shakespeare • Gutenberg’s printing press • Leonardo da Vinci • Raphael • More’sUtopia Northern Art: Christianity, church, God, nature Southern (Italy) Art: Greek & Roman mythology, gods

23. Reformation Reformation- movement for religious reform • King Henry VIII broke with Catholic church & became head of Church of England 1529 • He wanted a divorce since his first wife didn’t give him a son • Renaissance challenged church authority • Martin Luther, with 95 Theses, challenged church • Luther’s ideas spread, created their own group (Lutherans) • Protestants- non-catholic Christians

24. Age of Exploration

25. Age of Exploration Renaissance prompted exploration for “God, Gold, & Glory” Columbian Exchange- exchange of goods & ideas between the old and new world Diseases from Europe killed millions of Native Americans Atlantic Slave Trade- buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas. By 1870 ~9.5 million Africans imported as slaves VOCAB Favorable Balance of Trade- sell more goods than you buy Joint-stock- investors pool their wealth for a common purpose & share profits Mercantilism- country’s power depends on its wealth

26. Age of Exploration Notable Explorers • Chris Columbus- tried to find a new trade route to Asia; landed in the Caribbean instead • AmerigoVesupucci- travelled around South America • Hernando Cortes- defeated the Aztecs & their emperor, Montezuma II • Francisco Pizarro- conquered Incas • European nations created a trading empire in Africa, India & SE Asia • Pilgrims & Puritans came to the New World seeking religious freedom • French & Indian War- conflict between French & British over land claims in N. America • Asia During Exploration • Advances under Ming & Qing dynasties left China self-contained & uninterested in European contact • Zheng He led 7 exploration voyages in 1405 • Tokugawa regime unified Japan & began a 200 year period of isolation, autocracy, & economic growth • Japanese practiced a type of feudalism where the daimyo is the figureheads

27. Chinese Dynasties

31. Chinese Dynasties TabIndia, Africa & Muslim World

32. Chinese Dynasties TabIndia, Africa & Muslim World Muslim World Expands • The Ottomans established a Muslim empire that combined many cultures & lasted more than 600 years • Art, literature, astronomy, architecture, history, mathematics

33. India • Mughal Empire brought Turks, Persians & Indians together in a vast empire • Arabs invaded India; then Mongols invaded • Central power in India weakened while Western Europeans began to exploit them • Caste System

34. Africa • North & Central Africa developed hunting-gathering societies, stateless societies, & Muslim states • West Africa contained several powerful empires & states (Ghana, Mali) • Gold & Salt • Arabic world significantly influenced West Africa • East & South African states gained wealth & power through trade • Mansa Musa went on a hajj & left behind significant wealth on his journey

35. Age of Revolutions

36. Age of Revolutions (Top half of Flap)French Revolution Execution of monarchs Enlightenment Ideas French Revolution 1789-1799 Rise of Napoleon Discontent of 3rd estate Decline of French Power Social/economic injustice • Radical social & political turmoil • Absolute monarchy collapsed for ideas on liberty, equality & fraternity • ~40,000 people killed during Reign of Terror • Napoleon rises to power, considered a great military general for conquering a large part of Europe • Ended with an establishment of a constitutional monarchy

37. Age of Revolutions (Top half of flap)American Revolution Taxation w/o representation A democratic republic established No longer identify with British American Revolution 1776-1781 Bill of Rights/ Constitution American Nationalism Enlightenment ideas • 13 colonies join to break from British empire • Articles of Confederation led to weak national government • Constitution & Bill of Rights focus on Enlightenment

38. Age of Revolutions (Top half of flap)Latin American Revolutions • 1789-1900 • Spurred by discontent & Enlightenment ideas, peoples in Latin America fought colonial rule • Haiti- first successful slave revolt • Simon Bolivar- Venezuelan general liberated most of South American countries from Spanish rule

39. Age of Revolutions Bottom Half of Flap

40. Age of Revolutions-Bottom half of flapScientific Revolution Scientists question accepted beliefs New model of universe (Galileo) Scientific Revolution Mid-1500s Renaissance inspired curiosity Newton explains law of gravity Enlightenment Reformation ideas

41. Age of RevolutionsEnlightenment A revolution in intellectual activity changed European’s view of government & Society

42. Age of RevolutionsIndustrial Revolution Industrial Revolution- output of machine-made goods; began in England during 18th century. Revolutionized agriculture, textile industry, & transportation • Growth of cities, overcrowded • Poor working conditions • Emerging social classes

43. Economics/Political Theory

44. Economics/Political Theory

45. Economics/Political Theory Types of Government • Monarchy- power rests with a single individual (king/queen) • Constitutional Monarchy- monarch has a role, but limited political power • Oligarchy- rule by few • Fascism- dictator led government based on nationalism • Republic- power rests with the people (democratic); exercised by chosen representatives

46. WWI/WWII/20th Century

47. WWI/Great War (1914-1918) • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand set off a chain reaction within the alliance system that resulted in the largest war in Europe. • In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, & rival alliances set the stage for continental war • Nations take sides: Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany) & Allies (G.B., France, Russia) • War was fought on two fronts in trenches • New weapons (poison gas, machine guns, tanks airplanes, submarines) Vocab • Nationalism- loyalty to one’s country • Militarism- glorifying military power • Triple Alliance- Germany, Italy, & Austria-Hungary • Triple Entente- Russia, France, & Britain Continued on next slide…

48. Total war- countries used all their resources • America joined after Germans sank Lusitania • Russia withdrew from the war after their revolution in 1917 WWI Russian Revolution (1917) Long term social unrest in Russia erupted in revolution, ushering in the first communist government • End of War • Treaty of Versailles (1919) • League of Nations • Germany loses territory • Germany’s military restricted • Sole responsibility on Germany • New nations created, Ottoman empire abolished • Lost generation of men

49. WWII (1939-1945) Vocab • Great Depression- severe economic collapse of U.S. stock market 1929 • Winston Churchill- British prime minister • Holocaust- mass extermination of non-Aryans, mostly Jews • Genocide systematic killing of an entire people

50. Sept. 1939 Germany invades Poland; WWII begins Jun. 1940 France surrenders; Battle of Britain Jun. 1941 Germany invades Soviet Union Dec. 1941 Attack of Pearl Harbor May 1945 Germany surrenders Jun. 1944 Allies invade Europe on D-Day Continued on next slide..