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WBC Disorders

Lecture plan. Normal PathologyWhite cell disordersNon ? neoplastic Abnormalities ?in

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WBC Disorders

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    1. WBC Disorders

    2. Lecture plan Normal Pathology White cell disorders Non – neoplastic Abnormalities ?in # - Penias & ? - Philias Neoplastic disorders Premalignant conditions Myelodysplastic syndromes Myeloproliferative disorders Malignant or Leukemias Acute & Chronic Myeloid & Lymphoid Hairy cell leukemia Plasma cell neoplasms

    3. Lecture plan Lymph node disorders Non – neoplastic or Inflammatory Acute Lymphadenitis Chronic Lymphadenitis Neoplastic or Lymphomas Hodgkin’s lymphoma Non- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Miscellaneous Langerhans cell Histiocytosis Splenic disorders Disorders of thymus

    4. Lecture plan Normal Pathology White cell disorders Non – neoplastic Abnormalities ?in # - Penias & ? - Philias Neoplastic disorders Premalignant conditions Myelodysplastic syndromes Myeloproliferative disorders Malignant or Leukemias Acute & Chronic Myeloid & Lymphoid Hairy cell leukemia Plasma cell neoplasms

    5. WBC- Normal Total Leukocyte count Differential Leukocyte count Basic functions of Leukocytes

    6. WBC - CBC

    7. Lecture plan Normal Pathology White cell disorders Non – neoplastic Abnormalities ?in # - Penias & ? - Philias Neoplastic disorders Premalignant conditions Myelodysplastic syndromes Myeloproliferative disorders Malignant or Leukemias Acute & Chronic Myeloid & Lymphoid Hairy cell leukemia Plasma cell neoplasms

    8. WBC :Non – neoplastic Abnormalities Penias (Leukopenia) Neutropenia – is most common and important low circulating neutrophil count <1500 cell/cu. mm – Neutropenia 1000 cells/ cu. mm – worrisome 500 cells/ cu. mm - serious infections 100 cells/ cu. mm - life threatening ( also called agranulocytosis)

    9. WBC :Non – neoplastic Abnormalities Penias (Neutropenia) Causes ? or ineffective production Aplastic anemia Drugs Disorders – Vit. deficiencies ( B12, Folate) Myelodysplastic syndromes Inherited disorder – kostmann syndrome (defective genes of granulocyte differentiation) ? removal from circulation Immunological – SLE, Drugs Hypersplenism ?utilization – infections ( mainly Bacterial)

    10. WBC :Non – neoplastic Abnormalities Neutropenia Most significant cause – Drugs May dose related or Idiosyncratic Act by marrow suppression (chlorpromazine) or immunological (sulfa & Thiouracil) Morphology = marrow changes depend on underlying cause Hyperplasia of marrow if the cause is peripheral destruction or ineffective poiesis Hypoplasia if it is due to Myelo- suppression

    11. Lecture plan Normal Pathology White cell disorders Non – neoplastic Abnormalities ?in # - Penias & ? #- Philias Neoplastic disorders Premalignant conditions Myelodysplastic syndromes Myeloproliferative disorders Malignant or Leukemias Acute & Chronic Myeloid & Lymphoid Hairy cell leukemia Plasma cell neoplasms

    12. WBC :Non – neoplastic Abnormalities Leukocytosis Leukocytosis Philias ( Example – Neutrophilia) Pathogenesis Precursor pool ? storage pool ?peripheral blood (Margination & circulating) ? Tissue pool Mechanisms For Neutrophils ***Mostly from marrow storage pool – immediate Granulocytopoiesis from stimulation of marrow stem cells by inflammatory mediators (IL-1, TNFa) For Eosinophils- IL-5 For Lympho – IL-7

    13. WBC :Non – neoplastic Abnormalities Leukocytosis - Neutrophilia

    14. WBC :Non – neoplastic Abnormalities Leukocytosis Morphology ?# neutrophils &Toxic granulations ( abnormal azuriphilic granules), Dhole bodies (Endoplasmic Reticulum) –like in Kawasaki’s disease) Differential Diagnosis Leukemoid reaction (inflammation) from leukemia

    15. WBC :Non – neoplastic Abnormalities Leukocytosis -Toxic Granulation:

    16. WBC :Non – neoplastic Abnormalities Leukocytosis - causes

    17. WBC :Non – neoplastic Abnormalities Leukocytosis -Lymphocytosis

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