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Classical Rhetoric

This guide explores the key components of classical rhetoric, including the exordium, narratio, divisio, confirmatio, refutatio, and peroratio. Learn how to effectively grab your audience's attention, establish your authority, build your case, address counterarguments, and deliver a persuasive conclusion. By the time you're done reading, classical rhetoric won't be all Greek to you!

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Classical Rhetoric

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  1. Classical Rhetoric • By the time we’re through… • It won’t be all Greek to you • Maybe more like Latin

  2. Exordium • The “Hook” or Attention Grabber • E.g. A joke, a quote, a question, some striking statistics • Employs persuasive appeal of ethos • Establishes credibility with the audience

  3. Narratio • Establishes background and authority • Typically 2-4 sentences following the exordium • Explains the “nature of the case”

  4. Divisio • Commonly called the “thesis,” but more powerful than in the familiar Five Paragraph Essay • What you are analyzing and seeking to prove • This is where you take your stand • Typically the last sentence in the first or second paragraph, but can occur anywhere it is most effective

  5. Confirmatio • Where you begin to build and solidify your case with: • Logical appeals to reason, logos • Research, specific examples, analysis • The main portion of your essay

  6. Refutatio • Your counterargument • Acknowledges and addresses opposing views without resorting to logical fallacies to refute them • Can be one paragraph on its own or several interwoven throughout the confirmatio

  7. Peroratio • Links back to your exordium • Pulls your reader along to the conclusion • Ties your conclusion back to the flashy comment you started with, your “hook” • A summing up with an attention grabbing appeal to pathos, an appeal to the emotions

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