Entangling Alliances of World War I

1. Entangling Alliances of World War I Music: Over There

3. Map of World with Participants in World War I - • Allies in green • Central Powers in orange • Neutral in grey

4. Underlying Causes of World War I Alliance system--divided the continent of Europe into two rival groups of nations Militarism--glorified war and caused leaders to prepare armed forces for conflict. Imperialism--thrust European nations into fierce competition to gain colonies, new markets, and new sources of raw materials. Causes of World War I

5. Nationalism--spurred major European nations to extend their territory; awakened movements for independence among minor nationalities, such as the Serbs.

6. Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, was murdered by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist on June 28, 1914 Immediate Causes of World War I

7. The Triple Alliance later the Central Powers Formed in 1882 Included: Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Italy. All members will help each other if attacked. Italy backs out of the TripleAlliance when the war starts.

8. Entente Cordiale Formed in 1904 between France and Great Britain Triple Entente Formed in 1907 Grew out of the Entente Cordiale Included France, Great Britain, and Russia

9. June 28: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungry and his wife, Sophia are killed by Gavrilo Princip, a member of a secret Serbian independence movement called the “Black Hand”. Events in 1914 that led to World War I

10. Austria-Hungry sent Serbia an ultimatum demanding that Austria-Hungry not Serbia needed to investigate the murders. Austria-Hungry knew Serbia would not be able to accept the terms of the ultimatum. July 23:

11. Austria-Hungry declares war on Serbia July 28: Serbia

12. Russia, a friend of Serbia, mobilizes its troops Germany warns Russia to stop the mobilization. July 30:

13. Germany declares war on Russia August 1:

14. Germany declares war on Russia’s ally, France. Germany invades Belgium August 3:

15. Britain comes to Belgium’s aid and declares war against Germany August 4:

17. Austria declares war on Russia August 6:

18. Germany began the fighting by attacking France, planning to defeat France quickly and then concentrate on defeating Russia. Germany went through Belgium as it raced towards Paris, France. The Germans got within 40 miles of Paris and then were stopped by the Allied Forces. The Western Front: (France)

19. The battle line where German advances were stopped is called the Western Front. Fighting at the Western Front was a stalemate; a standoff that neither side could break.

20. The Russians mobilized their troops more quickly than the Germans had planned, and the Germans were forced to fight on two fronts at the same time. The Eastern Front (Russia)

22. 1914--4 million Russian died 1915--Russians retreated 1916 (March)--Russian people overthrew the Czar Unrest continues within Russia between Bolsheviks provisional government

24. 1917 (November)--Bolsheviksseize the government 1918 (March)-- unrest within Russia; Russia pulls out of the war Sign a humiliating Treaty with Germany called the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

25. Italy was originally a member of the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary. Italy makes a secret alliance with France and Britain joining the Allies in 1915. Japan fought against the German colonies in Asia. Other Fronts:

26. Australia and New Zealand seized German islands in the Pacific. In Turkey the Ottoman Empire fought against British, French, Australians, and New Zealanders In Africa the British take over German colonies in the West, East, and South.

28. $85,000 per minute in 1914-1917 $170,000 per minute in 1918 Cost of the war:

30. 1914: President Woodrow Wilson announces the United States wants to be neutral. Britain and France begin to use propaganda information designed to influence people’s beliefs or actions. The United States:

31. 1915: A German submarine sinks a British passenger ship. The “Lusitania” 1,200 die 128 were Americans most of them were women and children United States was outraged.

32. American bankers and investors realize that if the Allies lose the war, over $1.5 billion dollars owed by the Allies to the United States would be lost.

33. Zimmerman telegram British broke the German code and intercepted a German message to Mexico. In the message Germany promises to help Mexico regain Texas and other parts of the United States Southwest. Early 1917:

36. United States declares war on Germany. President Wilson declares the United States will, “Make the world safe for democracy.” US entry into the war turns the war in favor of the Allies. April 1917:

37. American and Allied troops stop the German offenses at Chateau-Thierry. November11, 1918 at 11:11 A.M. World War I ends. The armistice is signed The end of fighting. 1918:

38. The leaders of the four most powerful of the 27 nations who took part in the peace talks were know as “The Big Four”. Peace:

39. President Woodrow Wilson of the United States David Lloyd George of Great Britain George Clemenceau of France. Vittorio Orlando of Italy “The Big Four” countries and their leaders included:

40. Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States proposed a peace plan containing fourteen points. The Fourteen Points, Peace Plan:

41. Self-determination—nationalities should have their own country. peace without victory—don’t treat the losers harshly disarmament—end of militarism fair treatment of people in colonies League of Nations—international organization that would help all countries to settle their disputed peacefully. Five of the fourteen were:

42. There were five separate treaties one treaty with each of the defeated countries (Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. The Peace Treaties:

43. The treaty with Germany is the most important and is known as the Treaty of Versailles. It was signed at Versailles in June, 1919.

44. lost a lot of territory in Europe German military was reduced to 100,000 men with no tanks, submarines, or planes Germany lost all its colonies throughout the world Germany had to pay $33 billion in reparations, repair for damages. In this treaty Germany:

45. The United States Senate did not sign, ratify, the Treaty of Versailles and did not join the League of Nations. Americans did not want to risk being part of another European conflict. The United States had a policy of isolation, keep out of entangling alliances.

46. New countries formed as a result of World War I:

47. Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia became independent countries.