1 / 40

The Race for Colonies

The Race for Colonies. The International Context. Spain and Portugal are Weak The Thirty Years' War (1618-48) The Balance of Power 3 Bishops, 3 Protestant Lords, 1 King of Bohemia The Winter King: Frederick of the Palatinate Catholics vs. Protestant No one really wins. .

annis
Download Presentation

The Race for Colonies

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Race for Colonies

  2. The International Context • Spain and Portugal are Weak • The Thirty Years' War (1618-48) • The Balance of Power • 3 Bishops, 3 Protestant Lords, 1 King of Bohemia • The Winter King: Frederick of the Palatinate • Catholics vs. Protestant • No one really wins.

  3. International Context 2 • Dutch are at their Height • Take over Portugal's colonies in Asia • Commercial Empire in Asia is main Focus • France is strongest in Europe • Caribbean is main focus for colonies (SUGAR) • Canada is a side-show for furs.

  4. Why Colonize? • Desire for Foreign Goods • Mercantilist Theory • Struggle for World Trade • Joint-Stock Companies • British East India Company

  5. New France

  6. French Colonization of New France (Canada): The Early Years • Giovanni da Verrazzano--1523 • Jacques Cartier--1534 • 1608—Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec. • 1627-1663: Company of One Hundred Associates • 1663: Canada becomes a royally controlled province.

  7. French Colonization • French Colonial Goals • The Quest for Furs • The Quest for Sugar

  8. Life in New France • Sparse Settlement: • 1666: 3,215 whites: 2034 men and 1181 women • 'les filles du Roi': 700 women sent by King • 1700: 15,000 colonists • 1750s: 70,000 colonists Seigneurs • Indentured Servants • Rented Lands

  9. Life in New France 2 • Alliance with the Indians: • the Montagnais and Hurons The Priests • The Hurons • Reductions • Syncretism

  10. Further Expansion of New France • 1670s-80s: Mississippi River valley (pays des Illinois or Louisiana) • The French Mississippi Company • New Orleans: On May 7, 1718 • The Acadians

  11. French Caribbean Colonies • The Goal: Sugar and Indigo • Haiti: West Hispaniola • Haven for Pirates • French in 1697: Saint-Domingue • Sugar and Indigo Production through slavery • Whites own Plantations, Middle class of Mixed-Race, Slaves work on Plantations. • Very brutal: 1/3rd of all new slaves die in the first year.

  12. The Triangle Trade

  13. New Netherlands Colony

  14. New Netherlands • 1602: Dutch East India Company • 1609: Henry Hudson • 1621: West India Company • 1624: Fort Orange (modern Albany) • 1626: New Amsterdam

  15. Patroonships • Patroons are granted land to settle; they must bring at least 50 families. • Patroons gain feudal rights • But most Dutch don't want to be peasants • Rensselaerwyck • About 10,000 colonists maximum

  16. Life in New Netherlands • Refugees • Ethnic Diversity • Poor Governors • The Fur Trade • 1664: Conquest by English Was the colony a success? • No Big Money

  17. Seventeenth Century England • The Problem of Multiple Kingdoms: King James I (1603-1625) rules: • Scottish Presbyterians • Irish Catholics • An England split between: • Puritans, who want to Presbyterianize England • High Churchmen, content with current Church of England

  18. Political Conflicts • Parliament vs King over: • Control over Advisors • Control over Taxes • Control over Religion • Control over Foreign Affairs Political Paralysis due to lack of money ensues

  19. English Trade • British sell wool and cloth • British Pirates vs. France and Spain • Quest for Colonies

  20. The Big Boom: The British Civil Wars (1638-1660) • Religious Conflict Inside / Between Kingdoms • Charles I (1625-49) Overreaches • Charles vs. Parliament (1642-8) • Oliver Cromwell (1648-58) • The Restoration (1660)

  21. The Roanoake Colony • Sir Walter Raleigh--Founder • 1585: First Attempt • 1587: The colony is refounded • Virginia Dare 1590: By this time the colony vanishes,

  22. Chesapeake Bay Colonies

  23. The Virginia Colony: The Early Years • May 1607: 104 men sail to America and build Jamestown, a fortified town. • Goals: Find Gold and Silver • January 1608: 38 survivors • 1610: The Headright System • 1619: The House of Burgesses

  24. Virginia Begins to Grow • Conflict with the Powhattan Confederacy: • Powhattan ruled 30 tribes (14,000 total, 3,200 warriors). • March 22, 1622—347 slain by surprise • Second Indian war (1644-6)

  25. Tobacco • 36 pence per pound in 1617 • 1 penny a pound in the 1660s. • over 20 million pounds a year by the late 1670s Tobacco Growing: • Indentured Servants at First • One man could produce 500 pounds of tobacco from 2000 pounds of plants.

  26. Maryland • Proprietor: Lord Baltimore, English Catholic • A Refuge for Catholics: 1632 • He wanted manors; settlers wanted farms • 1649: Act for Religious Toleration • Virginia-fication

  27. Life in the Chesapeake • Irreligious • Short Lives • Little Marriage / Men outnumber women 2 to 1 or more • Deferment of Pleasure

  28. The Puritans of New England • Calvinists (God chooses who is saved; human action doesn't matter) • Reject ornate ritual • Only Converts in Church • Bottom-Up Church Government • Believers should rule • Persecuted by Royal Government and High Churchmen

  29. The Pilgrims • From England; lived in Holland (1607-1620) • The Mayflower, 102 people, 1620 • Mayflower Compact • Greatly aided by the Wampanoag • Story of Thanksgiving Found the Plymouth Bay Colony

  30. Massachusetts Bay Colony: 1630 • 1000 founders. • Covenant—Holy Contract • Democracy: Property Owners Vote • Non-Believers have no political power

  31. Connecticut and the Pequot War • Push West: mid 1630s • 1637 (Pequot War): Settlers, the Narragansets, and the Mohegans allied against the Pequot and slaughtered them. • 1639: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut set up a representative government.

  32. Roger Williams

  33. Anne Hutchinson

  34. New England Society • Farm Family is the basic unit • Women are property • But marriages are for love, not arranged • Township = Congregation = 50-100 families • Subsistence Economy • The Sea

  35. The Carolinas • 1663 Proprietary Colony • Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina—John Locke • Noble class holds 40%; leads government • Small farmers hold 60%; elect legislature • Slaves work for the nobles • But colonists reject the Fundamentals and make own Plantations

  36. The Carolinas Split • North Carolina: Livestock and farmers and tobacco • South Carolina: Rice Plantations worked by slaves • Split in 1729

  37. William Penn

  38. Pennsylvania and William Penn • The Quakers: Radical Protestant Pacifists • 1681 Founding • 1700: 18,000 colonists • Colonists resist Penn's control of many affairs • He eventually flees in despair

  39. New York and New Jersey • 1638-55: New Sweden in SW New Jersey • 600 Swedes and Finns • Conquered by Dutch • 1664: English conquer New Amsterdam • New Amsterdam is now New York • Part of New Amsterdam becomes New Jersey, granted to allies of Duke James of York, who is given New York • He rules New York until 1689

More Related