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The Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution. What comes to mind when you think of the word “revolution”?. 1. Are revolutions necessarily violent? Can they be peaceful, without bloodshed? 2. What are appropriate ways to create change when you don’t like what’s going on?

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The Scientific Revolution

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  1. The Scientific Revolution

  2. What comes to mind when you think of the word “revolution”?

  3. 1. Are revolutions necessarily violent? Can they be peaceful, without bloodshed? 2. What are appropriate ways to create change when you don’t like what’s going on? 3. What’s freedom? What’s truth? Are these worth fighting for? 4. Who are the authority figures in your life? Should you always be obedient to them?

  4. Ptolemy – Who? • Astronomer from ancient Greece • Taught that the Earth was the center of the universe • Everything revolves around Earth • Even the Sun!

  5. Ptolemy – Importance / Influence? • Views agreed with common sense • Accepted by Catholic Church • God made the earth the center of the universe • Heavens are all around us

  6. The Scientific Revolution

  7. Date?: 1500-1700

  8. What else is going on?

  9. What else is going on?

  10. What else is going on?

  11. What else is going on? • Reformation • Martin Luther, John Calvin, King Henry VIII • Counter-reformation • Inquisition, Index of Forbidden Books • Exploration • Columbian Exchange: new products, ideas

  12. Copernicus – Accomplishments? • Heliocentric Theory • The Sun is the center of the universe

  13. Copernicus – Reactions? How can you say such things!! • Ideas conflicted with Ptolemy • Dangerous, called all knowledge into question!! Rejected by experts and Catholic Church

  14. Kepler – Accomplishments? • Used data collected by other scientists • With math, argues in support of Copernicus and heliocentric theory • Discovers planetary motion • Elliptical orbits of the planets

  15. Kepler – Reactions? • Also rejected, even ignored!! C’mon people! Why are you so resistant to change??

  16. Galileo – Accomplishments? • Built a powerful new telescope • Could see more of the solar system • Observed Jupiter’s moons in orbit, craters on moon, and sun spots • Supported heliocentric theory

  17. Galileo – Reactions? • Condemned by Church • Tried by Inquisition • Forced to go back on his views • “Nevertheless, it does not move.”

  18. William Harvey – Accomplishments? • Described the way blood circulates in the body • Demonstrated how the heart pumps blood

  19. William Harvey – Reaction? • At first criticized • Accepted by the end of his lifetime

  20. Issac Newton – Accomplishments? • Used mathematics to explain laws of gravity • Gravity is what anchors the solar system together • And it makes things fall to Earth, too • Legend: inspired by seeing an apple fall

  21. Issac Newton – Reactions? • At first criticized • Later acquired fame and international fans • Knighted by the royalty

  22. Significance of the Scientific Revolution 1) Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature 2) Formulation of the scientific method 3) Expansion of scientific knowledge

  23. The Age of Reason

  24. New form of literature evolved…the novel First modern novel: Don Quixote Author: Miguel de Cervantes

  25. Don Quixote quotes Nobody is forgotten when it is convenient to remember him. I have other fish to fry. All that glistens is not gold. The pen is the tongue of the mind.

  26. Baroque Art Characteristics: • Use of light, emotions, and movement Artists: • Peter Paul Rubens • Flemish painter

  27. “Supper at Emmaus” (Caravaggio)

  28. Baroque Period • Johann Sebastian Bach • Composer • Complex religious works http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuHQgmoSKGs

  29. Classical Art • Characteristics: • Paintings of Roman and Greek cultures • More formal, less exaggeration (less “drama”) • Artist: • Jacques Louis- David

  30. Which is which? Baroque or Classical?

  31. Classical Period • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart • Composer • Performer • Operas, symphonies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZD9nt_wsY0&feature=related

  32. Romantic Movement Characteristics: • Imagination • Feeling • Intuition Artist: • Eugene Delacroix • French Painter Liberty Leading the People (1830)

  33. New technologies: Agricultural Revolution • New designs in farm tools increased productivity • Jethro Tull’s seed drill

  34. New technologies: • All-weather roads improved year- round transport and trade. • Improvements in ship design lowered the cost of transport. • Steamships (powered by coal) could carry 10-20 times the cargo (goods) of older wooden ships

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