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INQAAHE CONFERENCE, 2009

INQAAHE CONFERENCE, 2009. New Approaches To Quality Assurance In The Changing World Of Higher Education. WS Wong, Executive Director, Joint Quality Review Committee, Hong Kong.

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INQAAHE CONFERENCE, 2009

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  1. INQAAHE CONFERENCE, 2009 New Approaches To Quality Assurance In The Changing World Of Higher Education WS Wong, Executive Director, Joint Quality Review Committee, Hong Kong

  2. Different approaches to QA in Hong Kong, Mainland China & Taiwan, China: Background, impact, and reaction from the sector

  3. Quality Assurance of Higher Education in Hong Kong, China Mainland ChinaTaiwan, China

  4. Audit vs. Accreditation

  5. External Quality Assurance • Audit vs. accreditation • Self accrediting institution vs. non-self-accrediting institution • Binary system • Criteria of Review/ accreditation • Rise of Private Post Secondary education • Use of Institutional information as a quality assurance tool

  6. Two major types of External Quality Assurance Accreditation Audit / Review • Usually leads to outcome of approval / non-approval, or yes / no decision • Conducted on institution and/or programme • Conducted at all types of institutions • Usually does not lead to an approval/ non-approval decision (may result in recommendations and/or ranking ) • More often conducted on institution basis • More often conducted at self accrediting institutions

  7. Binary System

  8. Self Accreditation vs. Non Self Accreditation • The concept applies to some systems • U.K. (former CNAA) • Hong Kong • Self accreditation • Institutions judged to be mature in internal quality assurance • Not required to undergo external accreditation • Non self accreditation • Institutions / programme required to undergo external accreditation • Usually new institutions

  9. Accreditation or Audit UK Non-Self-accrediting institutions Self-accrediting institutions • Australia Self-accrediting institutions Non –self-accrediting inst. – Hong Kong Non-self-accrediting institutions Self-accrediting institutions - former CNAA conducted accreditation - QAAHE conducts Institutional audit - auditedby AUQA • - accreditedby local accrediting bodies • accredited by HKCAAVQ • audit by UGC • review by JQRC

  10. Accreditation • U.S. --Accreditation (institution-based) by regional accrediting bodies -- Professional accreditation – by professional bodies • Mainland China – institution-based accreditation (普通高等學校本科教學工作水平評估) • Taiwan – department-based accreditation(系所評鑑)

  11. Outcome of Audit /Accreditation Accreditation • US – institution based accreditation– outcomes range from “reaffirm accreditation”, to “warning”, to “probation”, or “terminate accreditation” • Mainland China – outcomes of Excellent, Good, Pass, Fail • Taiwan – outcomes of Pass, Under Observation, or Fail (通過, 待觀察 ,未通過) • HK – HKCAAVQ – approval, conditional approval, non-approval Audit/ review • U.K. – subject reviews – graded profile of 1 to 4 - academic audit - “degree of confidence” • Australia – AUQA – commendation, affirmation, recommendations • H.K. -- UGC – QAC audits – commendations & recommendations -- JQRC– recommendations, good practices ( IR )

  12. Methodology of External Quality Assurance in Hong Kong, Mainland China and Taiwan, China 3 – stage review process • Self evaluation / report by SSPU • Peer review and site visit • Written report This methodology is commonly used in reviews/ accreditation around the world

  13. Criteria and Standards of Accreditation / Review

  14. Audits/ Reviews – with a focus on Process • UGC – QAC Quality Audit “An audit of an institution’s Fitness for Purpose in teaching and learning. The audit examines whether an institution has procedures in place appropriate for its stated purpose, whether it pursues activities and applies resources to achieve those purposes” Sampling of programmes – “ to seek evidence that ….quality assurance processes are in fact being implemented..”

  15. Review Criteria: areas of focus Areas of Focus eg. UGC QAC Audits : 11 areas of focus • Articulation of appropriate objectives • Management, planning and accountability • Programme development & approval process • Programme monitoring and review • Curriculum design • Programme delivery, resources, teaching mode • Experiential and other….learning • Assessment ……………etc.

  16. Purpose of JQRC Institutional Review • “The purpose of IR is to provide for a peer review of the institutional structures and processes adopted for ensuring the quality of Self-financed Sub-degree programmes, including structures and processes for ensuring the appropriate institutional support and environment.”

  17. JQRC Reviews include both focus on Process & Standards • As an audit of quality assurance processes ---focused on Processes • As a review of Standards – eg. QF levels, common descriptors of AD/HD, other input/outcome indicators

  18. Review Criteria Qualitative type Quantitative type

  19. JQRC Institutional Review Review Criteria • Issues Considered in Institutional Review - Institutional Plans & Policies - Approval authority & governance - Programme approval, delivery and monitoring - Institutional Support for Quality - Indicators of Quality/ Quality Assurance

  20. Example of Accreditation Criteria (Mainland China)quantitative type • 具有高級職務教師占專任教師的比例(%) percentage of senior staff • 生均佔地面積 (㎡/生) area per student • 生均宿舍面積 (㎡/生) hostel area per student • 百名學生配教學用計算機台數 ratio of computer : students • 百名學生配多媒體教室和語音實驗室座位數(個) • 新增教學科研儀器設備所占比例(%) percentage of new equipment • 生均年進書量(冊) no. of new books per student (Mainland China: criteria for Qualifying Assessment)

  21. Example of Accreditation Criteria(Mainland China)quantitative & qualitative • 1.辦學指導思想 Mission • 2.師資隊伍 Staff establishment • 3.教學條件與利用Resources • 4.專業建設與改革 Subject disciplines • 5.教學管理 Management of teaching • 6.學風 Academic culture • 7.教學效果 Outcome of teaching • 特色項目 Outstanding characteristics (Mainland China : Criteria for accreditation of higher education institutions)

  22. Rise of Private (Self-financed) Post Secondary Education

  23. Private Post Secondary Education • Issue of competition – student fees main source of income • Complaints of inequity – binary system • Concerns of community about standards • Setting up a Qualifications Framework • Sensitivity about outcome of E.O.A. • Additional quality assurance measures

  24. Qualifications Framework (QF) in Hong Kong • A unified system of qualifications for different types and levels of study purposes • Consists of 7 levels • eg. Degrees at level 5 • Covers both degrees and sub-degrees and vocational qualifications • Upload onto QF is voluntary

  25. Additional Q.A. measures for SFSD in Hong Kong • Annual Return – release of admission information • Institutional and Programme information on website www.ipass.gov.hk

  26. Information Portal for Accredited Self-financing Post-secondary Programmes (IPASS)

  27. Information Portal for Accredited Self-financing Post-secondary Programmes (IPASS)

  28. Information Portal for Accredited Self-financing Post-secondary Programmes (IPASS)

  29. Thank You Joint Quality Review Committee Hong Kong

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