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Leslie Vosshall June 2, 2008. Pheromones and Animal Behavior. June 2: Lecture (PPT available online). http://njc.rockefeller.edu/VosshallBN08.php. June 9: Presentations (PDFs available June 5). http://njc.rockefeller.edu/Vosshall BN08 .php. Jeff Liesch. Andres Bendesky.
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Leslie Vosshall June 2, 2008 Pheromones and Animal Behavior
June 2: Lecture (PPT available online) http://njc.rockefeller.edu/VosshallBN08.php June 9: Presentations (PDFs available June 5) http://njc.rockefeller.edu/VosshallBN08.php Jeff Liesch Andres Bendesky
David Michael Stoddart The Scented Ape : The Biology and Culture of Human Odour Tristram Wyatt Pheromones and Animal Behaviour $50 $37 Suggested Reading
What do you look for in a perfect mate? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
What do you look for in a perfect mate? • Same species • Opposite sex • Sexually mature • Still fertile • Good social standing • Good genes • Alive • Not a sibling • Not a parent • Receptive • Available
The Problem Nocturnal moths
Formula for the perfect social signal: • Cheap to transmit • Cheap to receive • Discreet • Selective • Effective in the dark/barriers • Long-range • Long-lasting • Easy homing/identification
cockroach sex pheromone CHEMICAL Brennan & Keverne, Curr.Biol. 14:R81–R89 (2004)
What is a Pheromone? ”defined chemical signal between members of the same species, eliciting a particular behavior or physiological change...”
Broader Definition: Pheromones ”any chemical signal conveying information between members of the same species” Recognition of Individuals or Kin:Differences between signals essential
Pheromones Health and Fitness Mate Choice/ Sexual Selection Mate Selection to Avoid Incest/Genetic Relatedness Sexual Maturation Successful Fertilization (Aquatic Animals) Kin Recognition Caste and Reproductive Status (Social Animals) Menstrual Synchrony Maternal-Infant Bonding Infant Suckling—Nipple Recognition Dominance Hierarchy Aggression Territory and Trail Marking Deception (Plant->Animal) Deception (Animal->Animal) Aggregation Intruder Alarm
Semiochemicals: Infochemicals Pheromones(Communcation within species) Both Sender + Receiver benefit Allelochemicals: Between species Synomones:Both Sender + Receiver Benefit Kairomones: Receiver Benefits(Sender does not) Allomones: Sender Benefits(Receiver does not)
Primer Pheromones Wyatt Book
Putative evolution of Pheromones Wyatt Book
Pheromones – Odor Imprinting Wyatt Book
Pheromones and behavior (phenomenology)
Silkmoth Bombyx mori
Mate Quality: Courtship Pheromones monocrotaline pyrrolizidine alkaloids hydroxydanaidal Wyatt Book
Marking Behavior-Mara rodent Wyatt Book
Dauer pheromones-C.elegans High Density/Limiting Food
Marking, Territorial Behavior-Badger Wyatt Book
Mimicry: Pheromones Subverted for Deception Australian orchid D. glyptodon traps male Z.Trilobatus wasps Bolas spiders vs. moths
Models for the MHC Effect 1. The MHC molecule hypothesis (MHC fragments in urine and sweat) 2. The peptide hypothesis (MHC peptide metabolites in urine) 3. The microflora hypothesis (MHC shapes allele-specific populations of commensal microbes) 4. The carrier hypothesis (MHC carries volatile aromatics, including those produced by bacteria) 5. The peptide-microbe hypothesis (MHC alters odor by restricting peptides available to commensal bacteria)
MHC Class I Peptides as Chemosensory Signals in the Vomeronasal Organ Trese Leinders-Zufall et al. Science 306:1033-1037, 2004
Coolidge Effect (Remating with arrival of new potential mate) Bruce Effect (Pregnancy block when exposed to foreign male) Vandenbergh Effect (Males accelerate puberty in young females) Whitten Effect (Males induce oestrus in adult females) Lee-Boot Effect (Group-housed females show suppressed oestrus; oestrus synchronized by contact with males)
James Auger MoMA Where do pheromones come from? Urine Sweat Tears Other glands…
Pheromone-Producing Glands-Insects Wyatt Book
Pheromone-Producing Glands-Mammals Wyatt Book
Sex Pheromones Wyatt Book
Mouse mammary pheromone(THE FIRST VERIFIED MAMMALIAN PHEROMONE) Schaal et al., Nature 424, 68-72 , 2003
Encoding social signals in the mouse main olfactory bulb(CHEMICAL CUES CAN BEEXTREMELY POTENT) Lin et al., Nature 434:470-477, 2005
Identification of protein pheromones that promote aggressive behaviour. Chamero et al., Nature450:899-902, 2007