Communication requirements from IEEE 1073

1. Communication requirements from IEEE 1073 Bin Zhen, Huan-band Li and Ryuji Kohno National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) Zhen, Li and Kohno

2. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Communication requirements from IEEE 1073] Date Submitted: [May, 2007] Source: [Bin Zhen, Huan-Bang Li and Ryuji Kohno] Company [National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)] Contact: Bin Zhen Voice:[+81 46 847 5445, E-Mail: zhen.bin@nict.go.jp] Abstract: [Introduction to IEEE 1073] Purpose: [To provide medical requirements for BAN] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Zhen, Li and Kohno

3. Motivations • Better understand medical applications • Medical requirements from upper layers Zhen, Li and Kohno

4. Needs for IEEE 1073 • Point-of-care medical device communication standards • To make sure the connectivity among medical devices • Otherwise, it may leave open to question the accuracy and completeness of a patient record • Better diagnosis, care and treatment • Without electronic capture of data and events associated with an episode of care, trending and other sophisticated data analyses are effectively impossible. • Less medical error • IEEE 802.x standards are inadequate to fully address the needs at the patient bedside Zhen, Li and Kohno

5. IEEE 1073 • Medical Information Bus (MIB) • between bedside medical device associated with a patient • between bedside environment and a patient care information system Zhen, Li and Kohno

6. Medical device communication model Medical device data language Patient care system Medical device system Device communications controller Bedside communications controller BCC DCC DCC BCC PCS MDS MDS Zhen, Li and Kohno

7. Layer model of IEEE 1073 ISO model Application Medical device data language P1073.1 presentation Device application profile P1073.2.x Session Transport Transport profile Network P1073.3.x Datalink Physical base – layer standard P1073.4.x Zhen, Li and Kohno

8. Approved 1073 standards • Health informatics - Point-of-care medical device communication • Nomenclature (2004) • Domain information model (2004) • Application profile - base standards (2004) • Transport profile - cable connected (2004) • Transport profile – infrared wireless (2004) • Only wired connections has standardized Zhen, Li and Kohno

9. Unapproved drafts • Health informatics - Point-of-care medical device communication • Guidelines for the use of RF wireless technology • Medical Device Data Language (MDDL) Virtual Medical Device, Specialized Capnometer and cardiac Output • Some withdrawn standards Zhen, Li and Kohno

10. Communication requirements • For use in a clinical environment, the transport must be robust, reliable and adaptable to changing conditions • Be suitable for a small single-bed systems with a local host at bedside to a lager multi-bed system with hosts and instrument throughout clinical facility • A MDS shall be unambiguously associated with a patient • Ease of use (“plug it in and walk away”) Zhen, Li and Kohno

11. Transport profile: connection mode • Data rate • 2.4kbps, 9.6kbps, 1000kbps • Connection sensing • Link maintenance (?) • Interrupt • to allow service request prior to next schedule polling time • Flow control • to regulate data communication to insure no data is lost in the case of limited resources • Data integrity check • Physical layer event • Single hop point-point communication (?) Zhen, Li and Kohno

12. PHY interfaces • Cable connection • RS-232 • irDA Zhen, Li and Kohno

13. Summary information • IEEE 1073 guarantees the plug-and-play interoperability in upper layers • Until now point-point cable connections have been defined • Wireless works are still behind the scene • Data rate required by IEEE 1073 is pretty low • QoS is provided by point-point connection Zhen, Li and Kohno

14. IEEE 1073 and SG-MBAN • IEEE11073 (ISO TC215 WG7) • No wireless connection PHYs • Draft guideline • No power consumption requirement • IEEE 1073 profiles are on the upper layer of SG-MBAN standard • Enemies of wireless technology in medical bedside environment • Biological effect of long-tern exposure to wireless signal • Coexistence among wireless technologies Zhen, Li and Kohno

15. Medical requirement • QoS requirement for critical applications • Delay < 300ms • Determined by human response time • It is not as critical as some real time applications • FER<10-6 • Determined by auto-detection algorithm • Sometimes, data cannot be lost in any condition • Mobility • Patient can be in moving • Doctors and nurses can walk around patient • Part of body can be in moving Zhen, Li and Kohno

16. Interference analysis • Channel fading • Mobility of device • Environment change • Burst background noise • Microwave oven • Other wireless technologies • Malicious nodes occupy the channel Zhen, Li and Kohno

17. Possible solutions • Possible solution in the framework of 802.15 • Interference and QoS sensing mechanism • Backup channel lists • ISM and UWB band • Fast switch signaling • Dual channel mode • Frequency hopping system + adaptive frequency selection • An extreme case • SOP and multihop • Fast handover • New QoS mechanism • TDMA based superframe? • Move to WMTS band • Better coexistence framework in UWB • UWB band is in its early phase Zhen, Li and Kohno

18. New issues • QoS is the first priority • New FEC algorithm • Lack of QoS mechanism in 802.15 • Multi-hop QoS • Battery life and maintenance might be the second one • Scalability • GTS and data rate • Location • ID • Patient is the center role • Security • Any new attack? • Any insufficiency in legacy methods? Zhen, Li and Kohno

19. Conclusions • Introduction to IEEE 1073 • Medical information bus • Communication requirements from IEEE 1073 • Possible solutions within IEEE 802 framework Zhen, Li and Kohno