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Learning Log

Learning Log. Answer the following questions in your learning log. Instead of writing the question down rephrase it into a complete sentence that makes the question apparent. What do you think makes a scientist a scientist? 2) Do you think that you’re a scientist? Why or why not? .

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Learning Log

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  1. Learning Log Answer the following questions in your learning log. Instead of writing the question down rephrase it into a complete sentence that makes the question apparent. • What do you think makes a scientist a scientist? 2) Do you think that you’re a scientist? Why or why not?

  2. Definition of a scientist

  3. S M C E I T E H N O T D I F I C

  4. What is the Scientific Method? • The Scientific Method: The steps that scientists use to gather information and answer questions.

  5. The steps of the scientific method. Step 1: Identify the problem • Observation • gathering information using your senses.

  6. The steps of the scientific method Step 2: Develop a hypothesis • Hypothesis - An explanation for something that can be tested • A good definition is an educated guess. • “I think my fish are dying because I haven’t cleaned their tank.” • “I’d guess that my dog has killed every squirrel in this neighborhood.” • “All light brown lizards eat crickets.” • Inference: logical interpretation based on prior knowledge

  7. The steps of the scientific method Step 3: Develop and perform an experiment • Experiment: A series of steps that test the hypothesis by collecting specific information. • Experiments are important in testing a hypothesis. • This is where materials and procedure come in.

  8. The Scientific Method - Experiment • Manipulated/Independent variable : The variable that is changed by the scientist. • Ex. Give some plants water, others bleach, and yet another group Murphy’s Oil. The independent variable is what the scientist is changing in the experiment- do the plants get water, bleach, or Murphy’s Oil?

  9. The Scientific Method - Experiment • Dependent/Responding Variable: The variable that changes due to (depending on) the change in the independent variable (if the hypothesis is valid). It is what is being measured. • Ex. How much did the plants grow when given water compared to how much they grew with bleach or Murphy’s Oil? • How much they grew is the dependent variable. • How long they lived during the experiment could also be a dependent variable.

  10. The Scientific Method - Experiment • Constant : A part of the experiment that stays the same for every trial • observer should be the same for each trial Ex: If the experiment is being done on plants constants would be • the same species of plant • at the same stage of development • same amount of light • Same soil and fertilizer…

  11. The Scientific Method - Experiment • Control or Control Group: the group in the experiment in which everything is kept the same to show that the results of the experiment are due to what’s being tested. • Done so that scientists can know exactly what would have happened if they didn’t change the independent variable.

  12. The steps of the scientific method Step 4: Collect and Analyze Data • All experiments produce information (measurable or observable) • This data must be analyzed and organized into an understandable order. • Can be easily organized by using graphs and charts.

  13. The steps of the scientific method Step 5: Form a conclusion • Using the data is your hypothesis correct? • A theory is a hypothesis that has been supported by many scientists over and over again over a long period of time. • A scientific theory is very different from a theory in everyday life! • A law is a fact of nature that is generally known to be true. • Ex. The “law” of gravity- if you drop an apple while standing on the Earth it will fall to the ground

  14. Lab Write Up Format Name Partner(s) Name(s) Date Period Title Purpose: Hypothesis: Materials:

  15. Procedure: Data: Analysis: (graphs, calculations….) Conclusion:

  16. Scientific Method Lab – Senses Purpose: The purpose is to determine which of the senses gives the fastest response time, sight, sound, or touch Hypothesis: I hypothesize that _________ gives the fastest response time because _________________. Materials: • Meter Stick Procedures: 1) Determine who will be the dropper, catcher, and recorder.

  17. Dropper holds meter stick at the 80 cm mark • Catcher places meter stick between their thumb and index finger at the 0 cm mark without touching the meter stick. • Sight - Dropper drops stick while the catcher is watching them, and the catcher catches the stick between their fingers. • The highest point on the meter stick where the dropper caught it is measured and recorded. Repeat steps 4 and 5 three more times.

  18. Sound - Repeat step 3 then have the catcher close their eyes as the dropper drops the stick and says “now”. Record the results and repeat 3 times. • Touch – Repeat step 3 then have the catcher close their eyes. This time the dropper touches the arm of the catcher as they let the stick go. Record the data and repeat this step 3 more times.

  19. Procedure: Data: Analysis: (graphs, calculations….) Conclusion:

  20. Le Systeme International d’ Units, SI UNITS

  21. Advantages/Disadvantages • Advantages • Easier to learn and use • Based on units of ten • Communication between scientists worldwide. • Disadvantages • Equipment retooled • Teaching society

  22. What is Length? Measures the distance between two points SI unit is meter (m) Other common units are • 100 Centimeter = 1 meter • 1000 Millimeter = 1 meter • 1 Kilometer = 1000 meters

  23. Weight and Mass • Weight measures the gravitational pull on an object. • Weight can vary with location • SI unit for weight is Newton (N) • Mass measures the amount of matter in an object. • Mass does not change with location • SI unit for mass is gram (g) Weight and mass are not the same thing!!

  24. What is Area? • Is the amount of surface space included within a set of boundaries. • A=L×W • Expressed in m2 Example: Find the area of a shelf whose length is 40cm and its width is 20 cm. Answer: A= 40cm x 20cm A= 800cm2

  25. What is Volume? Volume is the amount of space an object occupies. If the object is cubed it can be found by V=LxWxH Can be expressed as m3or L Example • What is the volume of an object that has a length of 5cm, a width of 8cm and a height of 9cm. Answer V=5cm x 8cm x 9cm V= 360cm3

  26. If the object has an irregular shape the volume is found through water displacement. Always expressed in ml What is the volume of the object? 2ml

  27. What is Density? • Density: Is the amount of matter that occupies a given space. • Density is found by dividing the mass by the volume. D=M/V • Density is often expressed in g/cm3 • Example: • Find the density of an object that has a mass of 35g and volume of 7cm3. • Answer • D=35g/7cm3 • D=5g/cm3

  28. What is Time? • Time: is the interval between two events • Measured with a clock or watch • SI unit for time is the second (s)

  29. What is Temperature? • Temperature: Is the measure of the average vibration of the particles that make up an object. • SI units for temperature are either Celsius (C) or Kelvin (K). • Kelvin is based off of absolute zero. Absolute zero is the temperature where all molecular motion stops. • K=Celsius + 273

  30. Important!!! • Never leave your numbers naked. Always put the SI unit behind the number.

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