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Chapter 4 Module 9 Environmental systems analysis methodology

Chapter 4 Module 9 Environmental systems analysis methodology. Can totally different sanitation systems be fairly compared? How are environmental impacts measured?. Raw material acquisition. Life cycle assessment (LCA). Processes. Aim Evaluate environmental burdens of a product or service

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Chapter 4 Module 9 Environmental systems analysis methodology

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  1. Chapter 4 Module 9Environmental systems analysis methodology Can totally different sanitation systems be fairly compared? How are environmental impacts measured?

  2. Raw material acquisition Life cycle assessment (LCA) Processes • Aim • Evaluate environmental burdens of a product or service • Using a cradle-to-grave perspective • from raw material extraction to waste management and final disposal. Transport Manufacture Use Waste management

  3. LCA work with an expanded system • Comparison require delivery of similar product • That leave you with compared system • And compensatory system (external system) Compared system Compensatory system Product

  4. Example of a system comparison Source:Jan-Olov Sundquist, IVL

  5. Functional unit, valued products Heat Core system incineration Waste Power Functional unit Heat production Heat Core system Landfill Waste Power production Power Functional unit Compensatory or external system

  6. Impact categories to be considered in an LCA • Resources – • Energy and materials • Water • Land • Impacts on human health (toxicological and non-toxicological impacts, excluding and including work environment) • Global warming • Depletion of stratospheric ozone • Acidification • Eutrophication • Photo-oxidant formation • Eco-toxicological impacts • Habitat alterations and impacts on biological diversity

  7. Collection and aggregation of data Inventory Characterisation Weighting NOx NH3 P etc. Eutrophication Index CO2 CH4 N2O Global warming Title

  8. Which environmental effect is most important? • Global vs local • Long-term vs short-term • Importance of the impact • Compare the system impact with total national emissions

  9. Weighting of global warming

  10. Weighing of acidification

  11. Weighting of eutrophication

  12. Remember… It is a great difference between potential and actual environmental impacts.

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