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The Fall of Classical Civilizations

The Fall of Classical Civilizations. Han and Rome. Internal Decay of the Han State. Court intrigue Formation of actions Problem of land distribution Large landholders develop private armies Epidemics Peasant rebellions 184 CE Yellow Turban Rebellion. Collapse of the Han Dynasty.

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The Fall of Classical Civilizations

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  1. The Fall of Classical Civilizations Han and Rome

  2. Internal Decay of the Han State • Court intrigue • Formation of actions • Problem of land distribution • Large landholders develop private armies • Epidemics • Peasant rebellions • 184 CE Yellow Turban Rebellion

  3. Collapse of the Han Dynasty China after the Han Dynasty, 220 CE • Generals assume authority, reduce Emperor to puppet figure • Alliance with landowners • 200 CE Han Dynasty abolished, replaced by 3 kingdoms • Immigration of northern nomads increases

  4. Sinicization of Nomadic Peoples • Social and cultural changes to a Chinese way of life • Adapted to the Chinese environment • Agriculture • Adoption of Chinese names, dress, intermarriage

  5. Popularity of Buddhism and Daoism • Disintegration of political order casts doubt on Confucian doctrines • Buddhism, Daoism gain popularity • Religions of salvation

  6. Fall of the Roman Empire: Internal Factors • The Barracks Emperors • 235-284 26 claimants to the throne, all but one killed in power struggles • Epidemics • Disintegration of imperial economy in favor of local and regional self-sufficient economies

  7. Diocletian (r. 284-305 CE) • Divided empire into two administrative districts • Co-Emperors, dual Lieutenants • “Tetrarchs” • Currency, budget reform • Relative stability disappears after Diocletian's death, civil war follows • Constantine emerges victorious

  8. Fall of the Roman Empire: External Factors • Visigoths, influenced by Roman law, Christianity • Formerly buffer states for Roman Empire • Attacked by Huns under Attila in 5th c. CE • Massive migration of Germanic peoples into Roman Empire • Sacked Rome in 410 CE, established Germanic emperor in 476 CE

  9. Germanic invasions and the fall of the western Roman Empire, 450-476 CE

  10. Cultural Change in the Roman Empire • Growth of Christianity • Constantine’s Vision, 312 CE • Promulgates Edict of Milan, allows Christian practice • Converts to Christianity • 380 CE Emperor Theodosius proclaims Christianity official religion of Roman Empire

  11. St. Augustine (354-430 CE) • Hippo, North Africa • Experimented with Greek thought, Manichaeism • 387 converts to Christianity • Major theologian

  12. The Institutional Church • Conflicts over doctrine and practice in early Church • Divinity of Jesus • Role of women • Church hierarchy established • Patriarchs, Bishop of Rome primus inter pares

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