A Layered Environmental Approach to Community Level Change

2. A Layered Environmental Approach to Community Level Change Rodney A. Wambeam, Ph.D. Wyoming Survey & Analysis Center University of Wyoming

3. Alaska vs. Wyoming Population Density 1.2 people per square mile 5.8 people per square mile

4. Alaska vs. Wyoming Wyoming is a Booming Metropolis

5. Alaska vs. Wyoming Nationally Famous Politicians Vice President Dick Cheney U.S. Senator and Presidential Candidate Mike Gravel

6. Alaska vs. Wyoming Both Have Beautiful Views

7. Random Trivia! Which U.S. State is Closest to Moscow?

8. Alaska vs. Wyoming Nobody Makes Movies or TV Shows in Either State

9. Alaska vs. Wyoming Known for Natural Beauty and National Parks

10. Alaska vs. Wyoming Both Have Grizzly Bears

11. The Environment • The external circumstances and conditions that surround individuals and groups • The social and cultural conditions affecting an individual or community

13. Environmental Strategy Defined Environmental strategies establish or change written and unwritten community standards, codes, and attitudes, thereby influencing the incidence and prevalence of substance abuse in the general population. Policy Change Increased Taxes Media Campaigns Enforcement

14. Difference is In the Goals Provide programs to bring about individual changes, or … … create changes in the system to bring about population-level change

15. Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crash Model DUI Enforcement Alcohol Sales and Service Regulations, Enforcement, and Sanctions Public Awareness of Drinking/Driving Enforcement Alcohol Serving and Sales Practices Retail Availability Price Community Norms– Drinking and Driving Perceived Risk of DUI Arrest Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes Drinking Driving After Drinking Community Norms– Drinking Individual Factors Social Availability Research Evidence Strong Relationship Moderate Relationship Minor Relationship Drinking Context Little Research Evidence but Logical Relationship

16. Tectonic Shift Serving People Changing Communities

17. Evidence-Based Examples • Smoking ordinance • Increased alcohol tax • Social norming campaign • Beer keg registration

18. Time for a story!

19. SPF Process and the Environment

20. Needs Assessment Outcome Based Prevention Model Community Norms Retail Availability Social Availability Promotion Individual Factors Economic Price Law Enforcement Consumption Rates Strategies Causal Areas Consequences Evidence-Based Strategies

21. Capacity and Mobilization

22. Capacity and Mobilization Program Pushers vs. Agents of Change VS.

23. Capacity and Mobilization

24. Strategic Planning Creating a Layered Approach Programs Practices Policies Culture

25. Strategic Planning Retail Availability • Responsible beverage service training • Compliance checks • Minimum age of purchase

26. Strategic Planning Social Availability • Keg registration • Social hosting ordinances • Party patrols

27. Strategic Planning Community Norms • Restriction and public events • Social norming

28. Misperception Tangent Health Terrorism vs. Social Norming

29. Misperception Tangent Perceptions vs. reality in past month substance use among 12th graders in Weston County, Wyoming (2008 PNA)

30. Strategic Plan Law Enforcement • Compliance checks • High-visibility DUI enforcement • High-visibility sobriety checkpoints

31. Strategic Plan Promotion • Advertising and sponsorship restrictions • Countermarketing

32. Strategic Plan Economic Price • Raise taxes!

33. Strategic Plan Individual Factors • Risk and protective factors • NREPP programs (e.g., ALL STARS, Life Skills, Project Northland, Strengthening Families)

34. Time for another story!

35. Implementation “Unlike traditional substance abuse interventions, however, there is not a quick, easy curriculum that you can pull off a shelf and implement.” From “Environmental Strategies: Selection Guide, Reference List, and Examples of Implementation Guidelines”

36. Implementation

37. Implementation Break Out: Planning for Environmental Change

38. Evaluation Shiny New Unit of Analysis From individuals … … to communities!

39. Evaluation Process Data: Who Do We Count? Context, Qualitative Data, and Story Telling

40. Evaluation Outcome Data: Where is the Science? Program Evaluation Policy Analysis

41. Evaluation Outcome Data: Models over Individual Variables Beta vs. R2

42. Evaluation Outcome Data: Tracking Social Indicators and Quasi-Experimentation Interrupted Time Series Control Series Analysis

43. Evaluation Think Like an Artist and Scientist

44. More Random Trivia Which State is Furthest? North? East? West? South?

45. Once upon a time there was a small town called Perfect…

46. Perfect was…well, perfect! Perfect sat at the base of a beautiful mountain range! Perfect enjoyed a strong economy based on tourism, agriculture, and local business. And, there was great fishing nearby! All of the children in Perfect were not only above average, but every one of them was in a gifted classroom.

47. Oh, and lets not forget… The Perfect hockey team are always undefeated state champions!

48. But Perfect had a terrible secret … Their children and adults drank a lot of alcohol and were having a lot of problems because of it.

49. Perfect Had the Data to Prove It Past Month Use of Alcohol in Perfect Isn’t Perfect

50. And so…Perfect made a plan.