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Chemistry

Chemistry. Chemistry - the study of matter and its interactions The universe is made up of matter and energy. THERE IS NOTHING ELSE. Matter - You can see, hear, smell, taste, and feel matter. Even invisible air you breathe is matter. Matter has mass

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Chemistry

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  1. Chemistry • Chemistry - the study of matter and its interactions • The universe is made up of matter and energy. THERE IS NOTHING ELSE. • Matter - You can see, hear, smell, taste, and feel matter. Even invisible air you breathe is matter. • Matter has mass • Matter takes up spaceTherefore, matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

  2. Energy • .Energy -ex. light, heat, sound, magnetic, electricity…* Energy does not have mass* Energy does not take up space* Energy MOVES matterTherefore, energy is the ability to make things move.

  3. Properties of Matter • Help us identify matter- some kinds of matter share properties, however no two kinds of matter have all the same properties. • Physical Properties - characteristics of substances that can be observed – • Ex. shape, color, odor, texture, viscosity, heat, density, dissolving, melting point, boiling point, strength, magnetism…

  4. Chemical Properties Describes how a chemical will combine or react with other chemicals- Examples: Iron + oxygen= rust or Iron Oxide magnesium is flammable silver tarnishes sodium reacts violently with chloride

  5. The Atom The atom is the smallest particle that has the properties of an element.Greek root: a – not tomos – cutting ( literal meaning: indivisible ) • Atoms are made up ofProtons are + or positive charges Electrons are – or negative charges Neutrons are neutral or no charge

  6. Structure of an Atom • Nucleus – the center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons • The electrons are located in energy levels outside of the nucleus • An atom has the same number of protons as electrons. Protons = Electrons • The atomic number tells you how many protons it has. Atomic Number = Protons • Therefore:Electrons = Protons = Atomic Number

  7. The Element Element: made of only 1 kind of atom - a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances - a sample of matter that is made up of only 1 kind of atom ex. H, O, C, Al, Na

  8. Elements continued… • Only 92 elements are found in nature the rest are man made- most are found in a solid state- some are gases- only mercury and bromine are liquid at room temperature

  9. Symbols • Rules for writing symbols - always begins with a capital letter- if there is a second letter, it is a lower case letter- no period is used at the end of the symbol (unless it is the end of the sentence)

  10. How did elements get their names? 1. most are taken from their names in other languages mostly Latin and Greekex. Latin name for Iron is ferrum - symbol for Iron = Fe2. several are named after places or famous scientistsex. Am = Americum or Es – Einsteinium

  11. Periodic Table • An element’s location on the periodic table tells you about what its atom looks like.The period tells you how many energy levels it has.The group tells how many electrons are located on the outer energy level

  12. Compounds • Compounds: 2 or more elements combine chemically - a substance made of atoms of more than one element bound together. ex. H2O, CO2, CO, NaCl • H2O = 2 Hydrogen and 1 OxygenCO2 = CO =NaCl =

  13. Chemical Formula • Chemical formula = shows how many atoms of each element. • no subscript number is used if only one atom is present ex. CO2 not C1O2

  14. Molecules • Molecules: smallest unit of a substance that exhibits all the properties characteristic of that substance ex. Ne (neon), Cl2 (chlorine), C2H4O2 (vinegar)

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