Environmental Engineering

1. Introduction Environmental Engineering EskedarTafete (AAiT- CEED)

2. Course content • Chapter 1: Introduction • Chapter 2: Concepts of Ecology and Natural Resources • Chapter 3: Material & Energy Balance • Chapter 4: Water Quality Engineering • Chapter 5: Air Pollution and Control • Chapter 6: Solid waste management • Chapter 7: Environmental Impact Assessment • Chapter 8: Hazardous and Radioactive wastes • Chapter 9: Noise Pollution and Control

3. Methodology • Lectures • Assignments • Group Mini-Project • Exams

4. What is Environmental Engineering? “The application of science and engineering principles to minimize the adverse effects ofhuman activity on the environment.” Environmental Science Environmental Engineering

5. Environmental Science The study of the processes in water, air, and soil and organisms which lead to pollution or environmental damage, and the scientific basis for the establishment of a standard which can be considered acceptably clean, safe and healthy for human beings and the natural ecosystem.

6. Quantitative environmental science An organized collection of mathematical theories that may be used to describe and explore environmental relationships, while environmental science is an organized body of knowledge about environmental relationships

7. Environmental Engineering • Concerned with the design, manufacture, installation and operation of the engineering systems that sustain and control the environments required by people and processes. • ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER • is a professional trained in the art of applying scientific principles and technological means to avoid or reduce forms of pollution by human activities. This includes possessing a knowledge of past and current engineering practice and an ability to innovate. • Involves social, political, economic, and legal issues

8. Environmental pollution Environmental pollution: is the contamination of the environment with substances that are potentially injurious to human, plant and animal. Pollutant Release Environmental Processes Receptors/ Effects

9. Environmental pollution The identification, evaluation, and resolution of a particular pollution problem typically evolves in the reverse direction implied by the above, that is • Identification of an adverse receptor effect. • Determination of the substance • Identification of the source of the polluting substances • Control of the source to achieve the safe emission level.

10. Engineers/Scientists Industrial Engineer Environmental Engineer Environmental Scientist Development Boundary Technical Economic Social Constraints

11. Environmental Engineering • Environmental engineering is object-focused (problem focused), rather than tool-based • It operates at four different levels: • remediation of contaminated sites (=fixing the past), • treatment of effluents (=dealing with present), • pollution prevention, and • care for future generations.

12. Environmental Systems Overview

13. Three environmental systems

14. Three environmental systems • The water resource management system • Water Supply Subsystem • Wastewater Disposal Subsystem • Air Resource Management System • Air resource management programs are instituted for a variety of reasons. The most defensive reasons are that (1) air quality has deteriorated, and (2) the potential for a future problem is strong.

15. Three environmental systems • Solid Waste Management

16. Multimedia Systems • Some problems can be Single-mediumand multimedia pollution problems.

17. Example Activities of Environmental Engineers • Remediation of soil contaminated by a gasoline leak • Permit application based on atmospheric dispersion estimates • Improving environmental performance after an audit • Preparation of an environmental impact assessment In general three lessons have come to view from past experience: • it is dangerous to develop models that are too simplistic. • environmental engineers must use a multimedia approach • the best solution to environmental pollution is waste minimization

18. Environmental policies and legislations • Problem regulations and policies • To protect the environment and prevent/minimize pollution • To keep environmental quality • Environmental law consists of all legal guidelines that are intended to protect our environment. • Promote sustainable development

19. Key Environmental Laws

20. Environmental Ethics • Ethics is the systematic analysis of morality. • Morality is the perceptions we have of what is right and wrong, good or bad, or just or unjust.

21. An Environmental Code of Ethics • Use knowledge and skill for the enhancement and protection of the environment. • Hold paramount the health, safety and welfare of the environment. • Perform services only in areas of personal expertise. • Be honest and impartial in serving the public, your employers, your clients and the environment. • Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.

22. Reading assignment Read about historical perspective of environmental engineering and environmental awareness. EskedarTafete (AAiT-CEED)