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CE3503 Environmental Engineering

CE3503 Environmental Engineering. Air Quality and Pollution Control. Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering. Composition of Clean, Dry (“Pure”) Air. Nitrogen 78.08 % Oxygen 20.95 Argon 0.93 Carbon dioxide 0.03

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CE3503 Environmental Engineering

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  1. CE3503 Environmental Engineering Air Quality and Pollution Control Dr. Martin T. Auer MTU Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering

  2. Composition of Clean, Dry (“Pure”) Air Nitrogen 78.08 % Oxygen 20.95 Argon 0.93 Carbon dioxide 0.03 Neon 18.0 ppm (= 18x10-4 %) Helium 5.2 Methane 1.8 Krypton 1.1 Hydrogen 0.5 Nitrous oxide 0.3 Ozone 0.01 Source: Carnegie Mellon University; Environmental Decision Making, Science & Technology

  3. Figure 11.6: Definition of particulate pollutants by size

  4. Oxides of Sulfur COO- C CH2 SH H NH3+ Source: fossil fuels http://www.fieldmuseum.org/research_collections/ecp/ecp_sites/NPI_web/models_coal.htm cystine

  5. Oxides of Sulfur Source: roasting mineral ores International Nickel mines and processes nickel sulfide ores in Sudbury, Ontatio. The Inco Superstack, with a height of 380 m (1,247 ft), is the tallest chimney in the Western hemisphere and the second tallest freestanding chimney in the world after the GRES-2 Power Station in Kazakhstan. http://www.flickr.com/photos/23510510@N03/2687642620/

  6. Oxides of Nitrogen Nitrogen dioxide http://www.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/ptable/co.htm Smog event in Santiago, Chile

  7. CO: Concentration / Exposure Figure 11.10: Effect of carbon monoxide on health (After W. Agnew. 1968. Proceedings of the Royal Society A307:153.)

  8. Lead http://www.soe.wa.gov.au/report/atmosphere/outgoing-issue-lead.html Atmospheric lead compared with the exposure standard in Perth, Australia. Lead-based paints were phased out in the 1970s and lead was reduced and then removed from gasoline in the 1980s and 1990s.

  9. Time Course of Ozone Formation 0.6 hydrocarbons, HC (traffic) 0.5 0.4 ozone, O3 (photochemical reaction) 0.3 Concentration (ppm) nitrogen dioxide, NO2 (reaction) nitric oxide, NO (traffic) 0.2 0.1 0.0 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Time of Day Source: Carnegie Mellon University; Environmental Decision Making, Science & Technology

  10. SUPERADIABATIC (ambient air is cooling faster than 1°C per 100m) stack ambient Elevation (m) adiabatic lapse rate superadiabatic lapse rate Temperature (°C)

  11. SUBADIABATIC (ambient air is cooling slower than 1°C per 100m) ambient stack Elevation (m) adiabatic lapse rate subadiabatic lapse rate Temperature (°C)

  12. INVERSION (warm air mass over cold air mass) stack ambient Elevation (m) adiabatic lapse rate inversion Temperature (°C)

  13. Inversion http://www.stuffintheair.com/weather-inversions.html

  14. National Ambient Air Quality Standards

  15. National Nonattainment Areas (All Pollutants)

  16. National Nonattainment Areas (Ozone)

  17. National Nonattainment Areas (Sulfur Diozide)

  18. Air Quality Index http://www.deqmiair.org/index.cfm?page=home&sFlush=no

  19. Figure 11.6: Definition of particulate pollutants by size

  20. Figure 12.2: Cyclone used for dust collection

  21. Figure 12.3: Bag filter used for control of particulate air pollutants

  22. Figure 12.4:Scrubber

  23. Figure 12.5: Electrostatic precipitator used for control of particulate air pollutants

  24. Figure 12.9: The effectiveness of various air pollution control devices depends on particle size.

  25. Catalytic Converter Noble metals: resistant to corrosion, e.g. platinum and palladium

  26. Acid Rain

  27. Ozone Hole

  28. Global Warming

  29. Gaia Hypothesis The Gaia Hypothesis, formulated by James Lovelock in the mid-1960s, proposes that our planet functions as a single organism that maintains conditions necessary for its survival.

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