Groundwater Recharge Techniques Using India Water Portal to Ensure Sustainable Water Supply

1. INTRODUCTION Groundwater recharge methods is the process through which water moves from the surface to the subsurface, replenishing aquifers and maintaining the water table. This process is vital for sustaining groundwater levels, which are crucial for drinking water supplies, agriculture, and maintaining natural ecosystems. Groundwater recharge methods can be natural or artificial, each with unique mechanisms and benefits. India Water Portal plays a significant role in disseminating information about groundwater management and promoting sustainable practices. This article delves into various groundwater recharge methods, their importance, and practical applications, emphasizing the necessity of conserving this invaluable resource. NATURAL RECHARGE METHODS INFILTRATION This is the process where water on the ground surface enters the soil. It occurs naturally through precipitation, riverbank infiltration, and from lakes and ponds. PERCOLATION After infiltration, percolation is the process by which water moves deeper into the soil, eventually reaching the aquifers. Soil properties and vegetation cover significantly influence percolation rates. RIVER AND STREAM INFLOW Rivers and streams can naturally recharge aquifers as they flow over permeable soil and rock formations. This inflow is a crucial natural recharge mechanism, especially in regions with abundant surface water. RECHARGE PITS These are shallow pits filled with porous materials like gravel and sand, which facilitate the percolation of surface water into the ground. They are commonly used in areas with impermeable surface layers. RECHARGE WELLS These are deep wells drilled into aquifers to directly inject water. They are effective in areas where surface infiltration is inadequate.