World War II – Part Two

1. World War II – Part Two The Holocaust, The Home Front and Winning the War

2. Vocabulary • Internment: the imprisonment or confinement of people, commonly in large groups • Hysteria: fear and panic, excessive or uncontrollable emotion • Aryan: of Christian German ancestry (blonde hair and blue eyes was typical) • Ghettos: a part of a city where one racial/ethnic group is confined to live. • Concentration Camps: Places where the Nazis brought the Jews of Europe to murder them • Civilian: Non-military person

3. The Home Front

4. Pearl Harbor Attacked • December 7, 1941 • U.S. citizens feared another attack • War hysteria took over the country • President Roosevelt was pressured by State officials to take action against Americans of Japanese descent.

5. Executive Order 9066 • February 19th, 1942 • Issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt • 120,000 Americans of Japanese descent in the US were removed from their homes and placed in internment camps, mostly along the west coast. • Three years later (in 1945) internees were allowed to return to their homes.

7. Moral & Legal Problems • More than two thirds of those interned were American citizens and half of them were children. • In some cases family members were separated and put in different camps. • None had ever shown disloyalty to the nation. • During all of WWII only ten people were convicted of spying for Japan and these were all Caucasian. • The constitution says you cannot jail an American citizen without charging them with a crime, yet this was clearly done. • The internment of Japanese Americans in WWII was ruled unconstitutional in 1983

8. The 442nd Infantry Regiment • All Japanese American Infantry Regiment during WWII • They fought valiantly and many received medals for their bravery. • The 442nd became the most decorated regiment (for its size) in WWII • The United States “remains forever indebted to the bravery, valor, and dedication to country these men faced while fighting a two-fronted battle of discrimination at home and fascism abroad.” – President Barack Obama

9. Women of WWII • Women were a huge part of the War effort • Many of them became factory workers • Over six million women entered the work force for the first time during World War II • Rosie the Riveter became a symbol of the strength of American Women.

10. Quick Quiz • When was the Attack on Pearl Harbor? What was the response of U.S. citizens? • What was executive order 9066? Who ordered it? When? • What are FOUR facts that make this a sad part of our history? • What was the name of the all Japanese American group in the military during WWII? Tell me about them. • What were the contributions of women to the war? What changed for women during this time

11. The Holocaust

12. Nuremburg Laws • Nazi Germany 1935 • Anti-Jewish laws • Categorized Jewish people as a separate race • Took away German citizenship of Jewish People • Outlawed marriage between Aryan Germans and Jewish Germans • By 1939 Jewish people were forced to wear yellow stars to separate themselves

13. The Ghettos • 1939-1942 • All over German occupied Europe • Jewish people were forced to move into separate parts of cities • Leave behind many of their valuables • Many thought life could not get worse

14. Jewish Pop. of Europe 1941

15. Concentration Camps • Beginning in 1942 the Ghettos of Europe were emptied • The Jewish people of Europe were brought to various “concentration camps” in railroad cars meant for cattle • People not able to work were murdered within days of arrival, including the elderly, disabled and most children • The rest were separated by gender and worked hard labor with VERY little food/sleep for the next 2-3 years • Many died from starvation & sickness; others were burned and gassed to death. • Two famous “camps” – Auschwitz-Birkenau; Treblinka

17. The Holocaust Ends • Beginning in 1945 many of the Concentration Camps were liberated by Soviet and American Troops • About 6 million Jews were murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust in only 3 years (2/3) • Hitler committed suicide in order to avoid capture • Many Nazi Political and Military Officers were put on trial for the crimes they helped commit

18. Quick Quiz • What were the Nuremberg laws? When did they start? What did Jews have to wear starting in 1939? • Why do you think the Nazis made the Jews move to the ghetto? EXPLAIN. • Where did the Nazis take the Jewish people after the ghetto? Give FIVE facts about these places. • When/by whom were the camps liberated? How many had died? • What happened to Hitler and the Nazi Military and Political leaders?

19. Winning the War

20. Battle of Midway • June 3rd, 1942 • Led by Admiral Chester Nimitz • Midway Island was at the edge of Japanese area of control of the Pacific • U.S. was able to defend U.S. island from Japanese takeover • Major turning point in the war for control of the Pacific Ocean.

22. D-Day • June 6th, 1944 • The Allied invasion of mainland Europe • Occurred on the beaches of Normandy, France • Overseen by General Dwight Eisenhower (34th Pres. of US) • Approx 2400 American deaths • Costly but successful

24. Battle of the Bulge • October 1944 • After the Allies had captured their first German City Germany retaliated • German troops lunged into Allied territory creating a bulge • Allies were eventually victorious

25. Dresden • February 1945 • Allied (Soviet, American, British) Bombing of important German City • Most of the city was destroyed & many German civilians were killed • Helped Allies defeat Hitler

26. Iwo Jima • February-March 1945 • Major turning point in the battle for control of the Pacific Ocean against Japan • Long Battle in which both sides fought fiercely • U.S. was victorious, made it easier to defeat Japan later

27. Yalta Conference • February 1945 • Roosevelt (sick) Churchill, Stalin • The allies believed they would beat Germany soon • Meeting to determine the future of Europe after the war

28. Germany Surrenders • May 8th, 1945 • The Soviet Union had pushed toward Germany from the east • The United States and Britain had pushed toward Germany from the West

29. Potsdam Conference • July/August 1945 • Truman (Roosevelt had died), Stalin, Churchill • Germany had surrendered 9 weeks earlier • Discussed how to achieve victory against Japan • They also discussed post war issues. Ex: international borders and the future of the United Nations

30. Hiroshima & Nagasaki • August 6th & 9th, 1945 • The U.S. ended WWII by dropping atomic bombs on these two Japanese cities • First and only time atomic weapons used in warfare • Avoided invasion of Japan but left massive Japanese death toll. Approx 200,000+ • Japan surrendered August 15, 1945

32. Quick Quiz For each of the following explain: A- The date it occurred B- At least THREE facts • Midway • D-Day • Battle of the Bulge • Dresden • Iwo Jima • Yalta • The German Surrender • Potsdam • Hiroshima & Nagasaki