27 th International Congress on Occupational Health Iguassu Falls, Brazil

1. L:\PSA01\8. PERSONLIGE ARKIVER\LNA\Forskere\Tage Burnout, job satisfaction and motivation: Results from the Danish PUMA Study of 1,914 human service workers. 27th International Congress on Occupational Health Iguassu Falls, Brazil Tage S. Kristensen, Marianne Borritz & Ebbe Villladsen Psychosocial Department National Institute of Occupational Health Copenhagen, Denmark

2. PUMA A five-year prospective intervention study. Baseline: 1999. First follow-up: 2002-03. Baseline response rate: 78%

3. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory All human beings Everyone at work Work burnout CBI Client burnout Personal burnout Everyone who works with clients

4. What is personal burnout, work burnout, and client burnout? • Personal burnout is the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion • Work burnout is the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion, which is perceived as related to the person’s work • Client burnout is the degree of physical and psychological exhaustion, which is perceived as related to the person’s work with clients* *) patients, students, inmates, recipients, children etc.

5. Copenhagen Burnout InventoryPart one: Personal burnout(First edition. August 1999) • How often do you feel tired? • How often are you physically exhausted? • How often are you emotionally exhausted? • How often do you think: ”I can’t take it anymore”? • How often do you feel worn out? • How often do you feel weak and susceptible to illness? (Response categories: Always, Often, Sometimes, Seldom, Never/almost never)

6. Copenhagen Burnout InventoryPart two: Work burnout(First edition. August 1999) • Is your work emotionally exhausting? • Do you feel burnt out because of your work? • Does your work frustrate you? • Do you feel worn out at the end of the working day? • Are you exhausted in the morning at the thought of another day at work? • Do you feel that every working hour is tiring for you? • Do you have enough energy for family and friends during leisure time? (Response categories:Three first questions: To a very high degree, To a high degree, Somewhat, To a low degree, To a very low degree. Last four questions: Always, Often, Sometimes, Seldom, Never/almost never – reversed score for last question)

7. Copenhagen Burnout InventoryPart three: Client burnout(First edition. August 1999) • Do you find it hard to work with clients? • Do you find it frustrating to work with clients? • Does it drain you energy to work with clients? • Are you tired of working with clients? • Do you feel that you give more than you get back when you work with clients? • Do you somtimes wonder how long you will be able to continue working with clients? (Response categories:The four first questions: To a very high degree, To a high degree, Somwhat, To a low degree, To a very low degree. The last two questions: Always, Often, Sometimes, Seldom, Never/almost never)

8. Work-related burnout and absence days Absence days/year 13.9 10.3 6.9 6.0 Work-related burnout (Quartiles) N = 1828 human service workers PUMA study. NIOH, Copenhagen.

9. Work-related burnout and absence spells Absence spells/year 2.5 1.9 1.5 1.4 Work-related burnout (Quartiles) N = 1780 human service workers PUMA study. NIOH, Copenhagen.

10. Work-related burnout and job satisfaction Job satisfaction score 71.2 65.8 60.4 50.5 Work-related burnout (Quartiles) N = 1894 human service workers PUMA study. NIOH, Copenhagen.

11. Work-related burnout and satisfaction with job choice Would choose the same job again % 81.2 78.2 62.8 42.4 Work-related burnout (Quartiles) N = 1864 human service workers PUMA study. NIOH, Copenhagen.

12. Job satisfaction in the PUMA project Would choose the same job again % Head nurses Chief doctors Home helpers, country town Institutions Ass. nurses Leaders Social workers Doctors Nurses Prison wards Midwives Office workers Home helpers, Copenhagen Hospital secretaries Points Job satisfaction (scale) N = 20-255 in different jobs

13. Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Client and Work Burnout in different occupational groups. Client Burnout Prison wards Midwives Home helpers, capital Social workers Institutions Ass. nurses Nurses Chief Doctors Doctors Home helpers, country town Head nurses Hospital secretaries Work Burnout Selected groups from the PUMA study on burnout. All groups: 20-200 persons. NIOH. 2000

14. Conclusions • Human service workers with high levels of burnout have • More absence days • More absence spells • Lower job satisfaction • Lower satisfaction with choice of profession • Prospective analyses will shed further light on these • associations

15. The End This presentation can be found at: www.ami.dk/presentations