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Perception Continued

Perception Continued. Visual Capture tendency for vision to dominate the other senses Movie theater – we perceive sounds as coming from the screen in front of us, not from the projector behind us. Visual vs. Major Mistakes?. https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oHIfeCB3z8.

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Perception Continued

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  1. Perception Continued

  2. Visual Capture • tendency for vision to dominate the other senses • Movie theater – we perceive sounds as coming from the screen in front of us, not from the projector behind us

  3. Visual vs. Major Mistakes? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oHIfeCB3z8

  4. Perceptual Organization: Gestalt • Gestalt: an organized whole • Gestalt Psychology: emphasizes our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

  5. Perceptual Organization • Figure and Ground--organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

  6. Perceptual Organization: Gestalt Grouping: the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups Grouping Principles • proximity--group nearby figures together • similarity--group figures that are similar • continuity--perceive continuous patterns • closure--fill in gaps • connectedness--spots, lines, and areas are seen as unit when connected closure

  7. Perceptual Organization: Grouping Principles • Gestalt grouping principles are at work here • What do you see?

  8. Reification (Gestalt Property) • object is perceived as having more spatial information than is actually present in the original stimulus

  9. Depth Perception FACT: Objects presented to our retinae in 2-D, yet we perceive them in 3-D How? Depth perception – we estimate distances from us using various strategies

  10. Visual Cliffs & Cues Visual Cliff – lab device testing depth perception in infants and young animals. • Monocular Cues – available to each eye separately • Binocular Cues – require both eyes

  11. Binocular Cues – help perceive depth • Retinal disparity –the greater the difference between two images the retina receives of an object, the closer the object is to the viewer • Convergence –extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object

  12. Monocular Cues • Relative motion (motion parallax) • Light & Shadow • Linear Perspective • Relative size • Relative clarity • Texture gradient • Relative height • Interposition:

  13. Perceiving Motion • Motion pictures • Really just consecutive images • Super quick slide show  we perceive motion • Phi phenomenon • Illusion of movement created with two or more adjacent lights blink on an off in succession • “moving” Christmas lights

  14. Perceptual constancy – perceiving objects as unchanging even as retinal images change • We recognize objects/people at different angles, distances, lights, etc. • Shape & Size constancy- different angles/distances change shape and size, we are still able to recognize objects • Ex. 

  15. Size- Distance Relationship

  16. Lightness Constancy • Lightness constancy (aka brightness constancy • We perceive an object as having a constant lightness • Actual: lightness varies • Relative lumanance– comparison to lightness of objects surrounding it

  17. Sensory Deprivation & Restored Vision • “I once was blind, but now I see…” • Cortical pathways don’t form correctly • Can distinguish color, figure/ground • Can’t recognize objects they learned through touch

  18. Perceptual Adaptation • - when visual input changes, we adapt (i.e. new glasses) • - shifted reality (for whatever reason) we adapt quickly with assistance and without - we can adapt (not all species can) • - we can even adapt to upside down shifts!

  19. Perceptual set • - mental disposition to perceive one thing and not the other • ex. if we are told what to expect, we see it or confirm it (subliminal messages, misleading photos) • Context effects- we make assumptions based on experience, previous interactions, etc.

  20. ESP - extrasensory perception • - controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input. • - parapsychology - the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis • telepathy- mind to mind communication • clairvoyance- perceiving remote events (sensing something bad is occurring right now) • precognition- perceiving future events (game bets, etc) • psychokinesis- the idea of mind over matter (levitating a table, etc) • when put to the experimentation phase - no ESP has been proven (remember our first video we watched?)

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