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Corso di Laboratorio di Sistemi Operativi

Corso di Laboratorio di Sistemi Operativi Corsi di Laurea in Scienza e Teoria dell'Informatica e Matematica, Università di Siena Anno accademico 2003/2004. Dott. Simone Rinaldi e-mail: rinaldi@unisi.it. Dott. Andrea Frosini e-mail: frosini@unisi.it.

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Corso di Laboratorio di Sistemi Operativi

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  1. Corso di Laboratorio di Sistemi Operativi Corsi di Laurea in Scienza e Teoria dell'Informatica e Matematica, Università di SienaAnno accademico 2003/2004 Dott. Simone Rinaldi e-mail: rinaldi@unisi.it Dott. Andrea Frosini e-mail: frosini@unisi.it Ricevimento: lunedì dalle 14:00 alle 16:00. I lucidi delle lezioni ed altro eventuale materiale didattico potranno essere reperiti alla pagina http://www2.dsmi.unisi.it/newsito/insegnamento.php?id=24

  2. Programma del corso (1/2) Introduzione 1. Preliminari2. Sviluppo dei Sistemi Operativi Storia di UNIX e di Linux 1. Evoluzione di UNIX2. Avvento di Linux3. Linux e MINIX4. Concetto di Open Source e Free Software Foundation5. Distribuzioni6. Mandrake 9.0 "Dolphin" (caratteristiche e istallazione) Struttura di UNIX e di Linux 1. Livelli e componenti di UNIX2. Shell3. Libreria Standard4.Kernel5. Kernel modulare di Linux 6. Introduzione al file system I comandi principali 1. Avviare il sistema2. Connessione e disconnessione dal sistema3. Shell4. Comandi5. Filtri6.Manuali: man, info 7.Gestione dei files e directories 8.Standard input, output, error9. Pipelines10. find 11. grep La gestione dei files 1. UNIX File system2. Index node3. Link 4.Gestione dei files e delle directories5. Attributi dei files6. Gestione dei Permessi7. Linux file system 8. Compressione e uso del tar

  3. Programma del corso (2/2) La gestione dei processi 1. Introduzione ai processi 2. Stati di un processo 3. Comandi per la gestione dei processi UNIX 4. System calls per la gestione dei processi: fork(), wait(), exec(), exit () … 5. Programmi in C e system calls 6. Segnali Link 7.Scheduling La shell bash 1. Introduzione alle shell 2. Programmi e Scripting 3. Introduzione agli script per bash4. Gestione delle variabili5.If-then-else-fi6.Espressioni 7. Parametri posizioni e parametri speciali 8. case-in-esac 9. for-in-do-done 10.Array Link 11. Debugging 12. while-do-done 13. conitnue-break 14. until-do-done Link 15.Gestione stringhe Link 16. Sostituzione dei parametri 17. Funzioni 18. Esempi

  4. Modalità di esame • L'esame consiste nella realizzazione di scripts che risolvono un esercizio assegnato dal docente. • Gli scripts devono essere realizzati in una settimana. • Al momento della consegnata del programma al docente lo studente sostiene la prova orale che consiste in una • discussione sugli scripts realizzati.L'esercizio deve essere svolto individualmente.Prenotazione Esame • Deve essere effettuata la prenotazione all'esame inviando una email con soggetto • Prenotazione Laboratorio di S.O. ad uno degli indirizzi: • frosini@unisi.it • rinaldi@unisi.it • specificando inoltre:Nome, Cognome, Nome del corso, Corso di Laurea. • Il docente invierà l'esercizio (sempre via email) dopo circa una settimana. • La consegna prevede • una relazione che illustri i vari passi della procedura che risolve l'esercizio e gli scripts implementati • sia la relazione che gli scripts possono essere consegnati inviando una email all'indirizzo: frosini@unisi.it oppure rinaldi@unisi.it • il docente risponde al messaggio comunicando la data della prova orale

  5. Libri di Testo Linux La guida, M. Welsh, M. K. Dalheimwer, L. Kaufman, ApogeoGuida a Unix con Linux,di Jack Dent, Tony Gaddis, Apogeo Per ulteriori approfondimenti sui S.O. Sistemi Operativi, V Edizione, A. Silberschatz  and P. B. Galvin, Addison Wesley. I Moderni Sistemi Operativi, A. S. Tanenbaum, JacksonAl Kelley, C Didattica e Programmazione Al Kelley, Ira Pohl, , Addison-Wesley Manuali online Appunti_di_informatica_libera.html, Daniele Gioacomini Linux Guida dell’Utente, Larry Greenfield Linux HOWTO - Istallazione e ConfigurazioneBASH Programming - Introduction HOWTO

  6. What is an Operating System? • A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. • Operating system goals: • Furnish services to programs (I/O, read, write, timer, interrupt ... ) using special instructions (system calls). • Make the computer system convenient to use, organizing its resources and sharing them among the users. • Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.

  7. Computer System Components • Hardware – provides basic computing resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices). • Operating system – It is a special system program that controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various system and application programs for the various users. • System and Application programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users (compilers, database systems, video games, browsers). • Users (people, machines, other computers).

  8. Abstract View of System Components

  9. Operating System Definitions • Resource allocator – manages and allocates resources. • Control program – controls the execution of user programs and operations of I/O devices. • Kernel – the one program running at all times (all else being application programs).

  10. History of Operating Systems • First generation 1945 - 1955 • vacuum tubes, plug boards • Second generation 1955 - 1965 • transistors, batch systems • Third generation 1965 – 1980 • ICs and multiprogramming • Fourth generation 1980 – present • personal computers

  11. Batch Systems (2nd generation) Early batch system • bring cards to 1401 • read cards to tape • put tape on 7094 which does computing • put tape on 1401 which prints output

  12. Batch Systems • Structure of a typical Fortran Monitor System job

  13. Batch Systems • Reduce setup time by batching similar jobs • Automatic job sequencing – automatically transfers control from one job to another. First rudimentary operating system. • Use of a small machine for writing jobs on a tape and printing results from tape. It has no computational capability.

  14. Memory Layout for a Simple Batch System

  15. Multi-programmed Batch Systems (3rd generation) Several jobs are kept in main memory at the same time (pool of jobs), and the CPU is multiplexed among them (CPU scheduling).

  16. OS Features Needed for Multiprogramming • CPU scheduling – the system must choose among several jobs ready to run. • Memory management – the system must allocate the memory to several jobs. • I/O routine supplied by the system. • Spooling systems for handling outputs.

  17. Time-Sharing Systems–Interactive Computing • The CPU is multiplexed among several jobs that are kept in memory and on disk (the CPU is allocated to a job only if the job is in memory). • A job swapped in and out of memory to the disk. • On-line communication between the user and the system is provided; when the operating system finishes the execution of one command, it seeks the next “control statement” from the user’s keyboard. • On-line system must be available for users to access data and code.

  18. OS Time-Sharing Systems • CTSS (Compatible Time Sharing System - 1962) • MULTICS (MULTIplexed Information and Computing Service - 1965) • UNIX (1969)

  19. Desktop Systems (4nd generation) • Personal computers – computer system dedicated to a single user. • I/O devices – keyboards, mice, display screens, small printers. • User convenience and responsiveness. • Can adopt technology developed for larger operating system. Often individuals have sole use of computer and do not need advanced CPU utilization of protection features. • May run several different types of operating systems (Windows, MacOS, UNIX, Linux)

  20. Desktop Systems • MS-DOS (MicroSoft Disk Operating System -1980) • Windows (1985) • Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows Me • Windows NT, Windows 2000 (5th version of NT), Windows XP • UNIX • Minix (1987) • Linux (1994)

  21. Distributed Systems • Requires networking infrastructure. • Local area networks (LAN) or Wide area networks (WAN) • May be either client-server or peer-to-peer systems.

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