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Organic Chemistry. Branch of chemistry which studies hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon Carbon atoms are the backbone. All LIVING things are made from hydrocarbons. Example : plants and animals
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Organic Chemistry Branch of chemistry which studies hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon • Carbon atoms are the backbone
All LIVING things are made from hydrocarbons. • Example: plants and animals • Proteins, lipids (fats), and carbohydrates make up plants and animals and these all contain carbon.
. . . C . What’s so great about carbon? • Carbon has 4 valence e- • Carbon always forms 4 bonds by sharing it’s e- in covalent bonds.
Most common Type of Hydrocarbon • Alkanes are the most common type of hydrocarbon. • Alkanes have only single bonds. • The ending –ane indicates single bonds. • General Formula:CnH2n+2 where n = number of carbons
General Formula for Alkanes: CnH2n+2 “n” is the number of carbon atoms example: What is the molecular formula for an alkane with 25 carbon atoms? C25H52
Example: butane has 4 carbons (apply CnH2n+2) C4H2(4)+2 = -C-C-C-C- molecular formula C4H10 H H H H structural formula H H H H H H
Another way to show butane! CH3CH2CH2CH3 condensed structural formula
Naming Straight-Chain Alkanes 1 Meth- • Use a root to indicate the # of carbons present. • The ending is ALWAYS –ane if all single bonds are present. 2 Eth- 3 Prop- 4 But- 5 Pent- 6 Hex- Hept- 7 Oct- 8 9 Non- 10 Dec-
Example: Name the following: pentane • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 • 3. C-C-C octane propane
Writing Chemical Formulas for Alkanes: Use Alkane General Formula: CnH2n+2 n = # carbon atoms • ethane? • nonane?
