Download
1 / 12
130 likes | 345 Views
Organic Chemistry. Branch of chemistry which studies hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon Carbon atoms are the backbone. All LIVING things are made from hydrocarbons. Example : plants and animals
E N D
Organic Chemistry Branch of chemistry which studies hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons • Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon • Carbon atoms are the backbone
All LIVING things are made from hydrocarbons. • Example: plants and animals • Proteins, lipids (fats), and carbohydrates make up plants and animals and these all contain carbon.
. . . C . What’s so great about carbon? • Carbon has 4 valence e- • Carbon always forms 4 bonds by sharing it’s e- in covalent bonds.
Most common Type of Hydrocarbon • Alkanes are the most common type of hydrocarbon. • Alkanes have only single bonds. • The ending –ane indicates single bonds. • General Formula:CnH2n+2 where n = number of carbons
General Formula for Alkanes: CnH2n+2 “n” is the number of carbon atoms example: What is the molecular formula for an alkane with 25 carbon atoms? C25H52
Example: butane has 4 carbons (apply CnH2n+2) C4H2(4)+2 = -C-C-C-C- molecular formula C4H10 H H H H structural formula H H H H H H
Another way to show butane! CH3CH2CH2CH3 condensed structural formula
Naming Straight-Chain Alkanes 1 Meth- • Use a root to indicate the # of carbons present. • The ending is ALWAYS –ane if all single bonds are present. 2 Eth- 3 Prop- 4 But- 5 Pent- 6 Hex- Hept- 7 Oct- 8 9 Non- 10 Dec-
Example: Name the following: pentane • CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 • 3. C-C-C octane propane
Writing Chemical Formulas for Alkanes: Use Alkane General Formula: CnH2n+2 n = # carbon atoms • ethane? • nonane?
