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Behavioral Views of Learning

Behavioral Views of Learning. Definition of Learning. Permanent change Change in behavior or knowledge Learning is the result of experience Not the result of maturation or temporary conditions. Contiguity Learning. Learning by simple associations: Pairing Stimulus  Response.

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Behavioral Views of Learning

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  1. Behavioral Views of Learning

  2. Definition of Learning • Permanent change • Change in behavior or knowledge • Learning is the result of experience • Not the result of maturation or temporary conditions

  3. Contiguity Learning • Learning by simple associations: Pairing • StimulusResponse

  4. Pavlov: Classical Conditioning • Involuntary responses: Respondents

  5. Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Response Unconditioned Stimulus Repeat pairing US with NS Conditioned Stimulus Conditioned Response

  6. More on Classical Conditioning • Generalization • Discrimination • Extinction

  7. Skinner: Operant Conditioning • Operants: Deliberate actions • Antecedents Behavior Consequences • Reinforcement strengthens behavior • Punishment weakens/suppresses behavior

  8. Types of Consequences • Something can be given or taken away • Good consequences: • Something desired given, something aversive taken away • Bad consequences • Something desired given, something aversive taken away

  9. Types of Reinforcement • Positive reinforcement • Strengthen behavior by presenting desired stimulus • Negative reinforcement • Strengthen behavior by removing aversive stimulus

  10. Types of Punishment • Presentation Punishment • Weakens behavior by presenting aversive stimulus • Removal Punishment • Weakens behavior by removing pleasantstimulus

  11. Reinforcement Schedules

  12. Controlling Antecedents • Providing information about expected behaviors • Signaling when a behavior should be emitted • Cueing • Prompting

  13. Applied Behavior Analysis • Baseline behavior • Target behavior • Classroom application: • - Specify the desired behavior • - Plan a specific intervention • - Keep track of the results

  14. Interventions: Encouraging Positive Behavior • Teacher attention • Premack principle • Shaping • Positive practice

  15. Coping with Undesirable Behaviors • Negative reinforcement • Satiation • Reprimands: soft & private • Response cost • Social isolation • Punishment

  16. Behavioral Management • Group consequences • Token reinforcement • Contingency contracts

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