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Endocrine System

Endocrine System. What is the Endocrine System. FOUNDATIONS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM- Hormones and Glands REGULATES mood, growth/development, tissue function, metabolism, along with sexual functions and reproductive processes. What are Hormones?.

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Endocrine System

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  1. Endocrine System

  2. What is the Endocrine System • FOUNDATIONS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM-Hormones and Glands • REGULATES mood, growth/development, tissue function, metabolism, along with sexual functions and reproductive processes.

  3. What are Hormones? • HORMONES are chemicals, produced by glands, that tell your body when and how to function. • Hormones can be looked at as the messenger in the human body. • Hormones transfer information and instruction from one set of cells to another. • Keep in mind, the levels of these hormones in your body can be effected by certain things such as: Stress and infections.

  4. The “MASTER GLAND” • Located in the bottom of your brain, there is a gland that makes many of the most important hormones in your body • This “pea-shaped” gland is called the Pituitary Gland.

  5. Why is it called the “Master Gland?” • Some of the hormones produced by this gland, tell other glands when and how much of each hormone to make. • The Growth Hormone is one of the most important pituitary hormones. • This hormone causes muscles, bones and other organs to grow and also effects a persons height.

  6. Glands in the Neck • The Thyroid and Parathyroid glands are located at the bottom of your throat. • Thyroid Gland-an endocrine gland which makes a hormone effecting the growth rate and energy use of your cells. • It can make you burn up the energy you get from food quickly, or slow down this process to save energy.

  7. Parathyroid Glands • These four small glands are located underneath the surface of the thyroid gland. • The glands make a hormone controlling the level of minerals in your blood and bones.

  8. Abdominal Glands • Adrenal Glands- endocrine glands that are made up of 2 glands (one inside the other) • The inner part makes the “fight or flight” reaction. • Fight or Flight-adrenaline pumps into your releasing stored up energy giving you the strength to “fight” or run away from danger. • The outer part controls the way your body uses carbohydrates, proteins and fats. • These hormones also control the mineral and water balance in the body.

  9. Abdominal Glands…Continued… • The Pancreas makes hormones that help digest food you have eaten. • Insulin is the pancreas’ most important hormone. This controls the way your body uses sugar. • (Keep in mind, the pancreas is a part of the endocrine and digestive system) • If the pancreas does NOT make enough insulin, this can cause diabetes. A person with diabetes has difficulty controlling the level of sugar in their blood.

  10. Sex Glands (Females) • Ovaries-in females, they make hormones that start the development of a girl turning into a woman. • Inside the ovaries, eggs mature and female sex hormones are produced. These hormones are known as Estrogen and Progesterone. • Estrogen is the MAIN FEMALE HORMONE responsible for sexual characteristics, such as breasts, during puberty. • Estrogen and Progesterone play a part in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

  11. Sex Glands (Females)…Continued… • Mammary Glands-located in the woman’s breasts • Main Purpose-to make breast milk. • Breast milk is full of nutrients for a newborn baby that help it to grow and fight infection. • (Keep in mind- all the hormones mentioned are regulated by the Pituitary Gland).

  12. Sex Glands (Males) • Testes-make sperm and testosterone • Testosterone-the MAIN male hormone responsible for the development of male sexual characteristics during puberty.

  13. Puberty • The overall change from a child’s body, to an adult body. • Start and End time of Puberty: • Girls usually begin when they are 8 to 13 years old. • Girls usually finish when they are 15 to 17 years old • Boys usually begin when they are 10 to 15 years old • Boys usually end when they are 17 to 18 years old • *There is no normal time for a person to start puberty.*

  14. Changes, Changes and more Changes • The pituitary gland begins puberty by sending out hormones telling the ovaries and testes to make their own hormones. • These hormones effect the reproductive system which causes the body to change.

  15. The changes in BOYS and GIRLS • New hair growth (under arms, on legs and near private areas) • Increase in oil from the oil glands making the skin oily which causes pimples (acne). • Arms/feet/legs can grow faster than the rest of the body making boys and girls feel “clumsy.” • Height and Weight gain. • Extra layer of fat under the skin-gives protection to bones and organs. • Increased sweating. • Voice changes: • -Girls voices-lower/richer • -Boys voices-deeper and voice cracks during speaking

  16. The changes in BOYS • Wider shoulders and more developed muscles. • Growth of hair on face • During puberty, a boys body is able to make mature sperm (causing pregnancy in girls). • Boys become fertile all the time.

  17. The changes in GIRLS • Girls develop a thicker layer of fat when compared to boys. • Hips and breasts become larger preparing a girls body to have babies. • (Trying to get rid of these changes through dieting is not a good idea; It’s natural). • During puberty, the girls body makes estrogen instructing the body it’s time to change into a woman. • Start of the Menstrual Cycle- (begins on the first day of her period and ends when the next period starts. • (Girls can get pregnant the few days each month she is fertile)

  18. KEY TERMS • Adrenal Glands -organs that make adrenaline • Adrenaline - “fight or flight” hormone • Estrogen -main female hormone • Glands -small organs that make chemicals to help your body function in many ways. • Growth hormones -chemicals causing bones, muscles and other organs to grow. • Hormones-chemicals that tell your body when/how to function. • Insulin- hormone that controls how your body uses sugar. • Mammary Glands-found in woman’s breast, makes milk for infants. • Ovaries-main sex glands in females • Pancreas-organ that makes hormones helping food digestion.

  19. KEY TERMS CONTINUED…. • Parathyroid glands-small organs that make a hormone controlling the level of minerals in the blood/bones. • Pituitary Gland- “master gland,” controls the other glands in your body • Puberty- stage of life when a person begins to mature sexually/when a child’s body changes into an adult’s. • Testes- main sex glands in males • Testosterone-main male hormone • Thyroid Gland-gland that makes hormones affecting the bodies growth and energy usage.

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