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RECONSTRUCTION

RECONSTRUCTION. When this pencil appears on a slide that is critical information you need to take down. You may still take down information that does not appear on the slides!. BOOKS ON FRIDAYS!!!. Warm-up - 9/4. What you must know. What was the goal of the Civil War?

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RECONSTRUCTION

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  1. RECONSTRUCTION

  2. When this pencil appears on a slide that is critical information you need to take down. You may still take down information that does not appear on the slides! BOOKS ON FRIDAYS!!!

  3. Warm-up - 9/4 What you must know • What was the goal of the Civil War? • From the North Standpoint. • From the South Standpoint. • What were the major differences between Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan and Johnson’s Reconstruction plan? • How did the Freedman’s Bureau help former slaves?

  4. Causes of the Civil War • Economy • State vs Federal Government • The battle over Slavery

  5. Consequences of the Civil War • Union was preserved • Slavery was ended • Animosity and prejudice strengthened in the south leading to a strong movement against blacks.

  6. 3 Plans for Reconstruction • 1. Abraham Lincoln • 2. Andrew Johnson • 3. Radical Republicans

  7. “With malice toward none, with charity for all, ...let us strive on to finish the work we are in, ...to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.” • Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address, Mar. 4, 186516th president of US (1809 - 1865) How would you describe President Lincoln’s attitude toward the post war period? What predictions can you make about President’s Lincoln’s Plan for what to do with the southern states immediately following the war?

  8. Lincoln’s plan: Reuniting the Nation • Wanted to reconcile rather than punish the South • Required Southerners to take an oath of loyalty to the US- when 10 percent of the citizens of a state took the oath the state could re-enter the Union • Excluded former confederate official or officers from participating in the government • Did not allow blacks to take oath, vote or hold office

  9. John Wilkes Booth Abraham Lincoln

  10. Johnson’s Plan • Very similar yet more lenient to Lincoln’s plan • Very lenient to southern states which caused many Radical Republicans to become angry and resent president • Many Republican congressmen rejected southern congressmen because they were former confederates

  11. Warm-up - 9/5 What you must know • Why were Lincoln and Johnson planning to be lenient on the South following the Civil War? • What were the major differences between Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan and Johnson’s Reconstruction plan? • How did the Freedman’s Bureau help former slaves?

  12. Reconstruction Plans Lincoln’s plan Johnson’s plan • Each state could create a new constitution without Lincoln’s 10 percent allegiance requirement. • States had to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the Confederate debt. • Although it officially denied pardons to all Confederate leaders, Johnson often issued pardons to those who asked him personally. • Denied pardons to officers and anyone who had killed African American war prisoners. • Permitted each state to create a new constitution after 10 percent of voters took an oath of allegiance. • Offered pardons to Southerners who swore allegiance. • States could then hold elections and rejoin the Union.

  13. Black Codes • Southern gov’t limit rights of freed slaves • forced blacks to sign labor contracts or be arrested • placed harsh guidelines on working blacks

  14. WHO ARE THESE GUYS!!As the nation recovered from war the two party system slowly began to be restored. • NORTHERN REPUBLICANS (Radical) • Radical Republicans from the North that pushed for the end of slavery • SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS • Southerners who were Pro-Slavery and opposed many reconstruction movements.

  15. Radical RepublicansReforms in the South • Repealing Black Codes • Establishing Public Schools • Establishing Hospitals • Rebuilding Roads and Railroads

  16. Reconstruction Legislation

  17. Radical Reconstruction • Civil Rights Act of 1866 – Outlawed the Black Codes and guaranteed citizenship to African-Americans • Thirteenth Amendment (1865)“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, ….shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction…. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.” • Fourteenth Amendment (1866) “No state shall make or enforce any laws which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the U.S. ; nor deny to any person … the equal protection of the laws”

  18. Warm-up - 9/6 • What was the goal of the Radical Republicans Reconstruction? • The 13th Amendment • The 14th Amendment WYMK • What were the Jim Crow Laws/Black Codes? • How did Reconstruction end? • Who was impeached and why?

  19. BOOKS ON FRIDAY

  20. Black Codes • Since Johnson’s plan was so weak on what to do for African Americans, southern states began to enact “Black Codes” • Black Codes were law’s that were designed to restrict the rights of African Americans • Curfews • Vagrancy Laws • Labor Contracts • Land Restrictions

  21. Radical Reconstruction • Reconstruction Act of 1867 • South organized into 5 military districts • Southern states were required to hold new elections for delegates to write new state constitutions. • All qualified male voters were allowed to vote • Southern states required to guarantee rights of all citizens • Required southern states to ratify 14th Amendment • Nullified Johnson’s Reconstruction

  22. Fifteenth Amendment (1870) • “… no citizen may be denied the right to vote (suffrage) by the United States or any State on account of race, color or previous servitude”

  23. Military Districts

  24. Freedman’s Bureau • Lincoln created the agency to help freed slaves and refugees find housing, employment, health care, legal help, and education • Intended to last only one year, became a major support system and was active from 1865-1872 • Disbanded during Grant’s presidency

  25. The Freedmen's Bureau

  26. The Fifteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, ratified March 30, 1870, provided that all male citizens were entitled to vote. Because the black population was so large in many parts of the South, whites were fearful of their participation in the political process. Nevertheless, the Radical Republicans in the U.S. Congress were determined that African Americans be accorded all of the rights of citizenship. Alfred R. Waud."The First Vote."From Harper's Weekly, November 16, 1867. Copyprint.

  27. Politics in Postwar South • Scalawags- White southerners who worked with the Republicans and supported Reconstruction. • Carpetbaggers – white northerners who moved south due to election or appointment to help with Reconstruction. • African Americans – now a political force w/ the right to vote (persecuted for trying to exercise political rights)

  28. Impeachment!!! • February 21, 1868 Johnson fires Secretary of War Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act • The house of representatives votes to impeach (bring charges against) President Johnson. • There is a trial in the Senate and Johnson is found not guilty by one vote. • Johnson serves as a lame duck for the remainder of his term.

  29. Johnson’s Impeachment Trial

  30. The Grant Presidency • Elected in 1868 • Former Commander of the Union (North) forces • Very honest and respected leader put in place to enforce Radical Reconstruction.

  31. Republican Programs • Public Schools • Hospitals • Roads • Bridges • Railroads • Repealing Black Codes • High Taxes

  32. Ku Klux Klan • Organized to undermine republican rule • Terrorized Freedmen and Government Supporters • Schools and churches frequent targets • Congress passes laws in 1870 and 1871 to try to end Klan activities.

  33. Illegal Resistance Ku Klux Klan Social Pressure Legal Resistance Political Maneuvering, by 1876 southern Democrats had gained significant strength in state and local governments driving Republicans out. Southern Resistance

  34. Radical Republicans Downfall • Corruption brought a lack of trust in Republican leadership • Scandal and economic issues ended Ulysses S. Grant’s 2nd term • Reconstruction became difficult to enforce

  35. Election of 1876 • Republican Rutherford B. Hayes v. Democrat Samuel Tilden • Election plagued by voter fraud • Neither captures a majority of electoral votes

  36. Compromise of 1877 • Hayes will become President • Hayes will appoint a Democrat as Postmaster General • Hayes agrees to pull Federal Troops out of the south.

  37. End of Reconstruction • By 1876 Democrats had regained control of most state governments in the South • The south is still an occupied land but Democratic strength was growing.

  38. Warm-up - 9/7 • Why did the Radical Republicans Reconstruction fail. • What was the compromise of 1877? Place Vocabulary #1 on the Bottom of this page. **Classwork on pg. 10 of your notebook Pg. 137questions 2-6 Pg. 149 questions 2-7

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