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Home Styles since 1700

Home Styles since 1700.

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Home Styles since 1700

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  1. Home Styles since 1700 America in the 18th century was still undergoing enormous change. Waves of new immigrants continued to arrive, bringing with them rich heritages and traditions, including native home-building styles. As the population grew and spread, patterns of housing changed to meet the needs of a changing society. Housing styles were influenced by a variety of factors, including political, economic, and social events. At the same time, architects were emerging as the creators of a new discipline that would keep American housing changing and evolving. That evolution continued through the 19th and 20th centuries and into the 21st.

  2. Georgian Period • Named for the kings of England (George I, II, and III) • Brick and stone • If not available, wood used • Carved and painted to look like stone (Mount Vernon) Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  3. Formal, balanced design, 2-3 stories high Gable roof (pitched with 2 sloped sides Hip roof (4 sloped sides) Large windows symmetrically placed Many small panes Georgian Period Characteristics Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  4. Doorway details Front door focal point of house Framed by pilasters (flattened columns) Topped by pediment (a triangular or arched decoration) Distinctive cornice A decorative strip at the area where the roof and walls meet Georgian houses: cornice of tooth like molding Georgian Period Characteristics Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  5. Georgian Period Characteristics • Central chimney or chimney at each end • Contrasting materials • Red brick • White wood trim • Inside: molded plaster ceilings • Wood paneling or wallpaper • Ornate rectangular fireplace topped by a mantel • Later Georgian: central sections with wing on each side ( Mount Vernon) Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  6. Georgian Period • Row Houses • Continuous line of two or three-story houses that share a common wall • First appeared in Boston and Philadelphia during 18th century Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  7. Federal Period • American Revolution brought to end old political/social patterns • Traders/merchants became the leaders • Sense of renewed patriotism • Turned away from anything English Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  8. Federal Period Architectural Styles • Adam • Combined Georgian features and elements from Classical Greece and Rome • 1780-1820 • Rectangular design/1 or more stories • Gable roof with decorative cornice • Symmetrically placed windows with small panes • Fanlights: semicircular, round or oval window with fan-shaped panes of glass above the door or pediment • Decorative interiors • Plaster and wood carvings in classical design Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  9. Federal Period Architectural Styles Five on five façade Fanlight Side windows Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  10. Federal Period Architectural Styles • Early Classical Revival • 1770-1830 • Monticello (example) • Rectangular shape • Windows symmetrically placed • Fanlight • Portico (tall open porch supported by columns) • Topped by a triangular pediment • Sometimes porch is built up on foundation and extends to the roof of the house Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  11. The 19th Century • Results of Industrial Revolution changed America • New demands = greater waves of immigrants • Prices for homes dropped • More affordable Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  12. Romantic Revival Period • Greek Revival Style • 1825-1860 • Features linked to temples of ancient Greece • Two-story porch supported by columns across the entire front of the house • Pilasters on the corners of frame houses or across the front • Elaborate entrance • Door surrounded by small windows • Columns supporting small or large porch • Ionic • Doric • Corinthian Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  13. Romantic Revival Period • Columns Corinthian Doric Ionic Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  14. Romantic Revival Period • Gothic Revival Style • 1840-1880 • Pointed arches and circular windows • Built of wood • High-peaked gables • Gingerbread (lacy-looking cut-out wood trim) • Italianate Style • 1840-1885 • Squared and 2 stories high • Wide overhanging hip roofs • Decorative brackets • Long, narrow windows • Cupola: small, square “knob” that tops house Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  15. Victorian Period • Queen Victoria of England • 1860-1900 • Very elaborate Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  16. Mansard Style of the Victorian Period • Second Empire Style • French influence • 1860-1880 • Boxlike mansard roof • Two slopes on all sides • Upper slope being almost flat • Decorated cornices and French windows • Long windows/open lengthwise at middle • Dormer windows project from lower slope of roof

  17. Queen Anne Style of Victorian Period • 1870-1880 • Irregular steep roof • Ornamental gables • Overlapping decorative wood shingles for siding • Wraparound porches/ railings and columns • Circular tower that extends entire height of house Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  18. Colonial Revival 1880-1995 Georgian, Saltbox, Cape Cod Door is prominent Decorative Pediment Entry porch supported by slender columns Windows symmetrically balanced pairs Double-hung sashes Tudor 1890-1940 Half-timbered look Steeply pitched gables at front/sides Tall, narrow windows/ small panes Massive chimneys with chimney pots Stucco, brick, and stone Early 20th Century Period Revival Styles: copying in a more pure form Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  19. Chateauesque Style French influenced Towers, turrets, ornamental metal cresting Elaborate moldings, relief carvings Arched windows and doorways Mission Style 1890-1920 Born in CA moved eastward Commonly found in SW US Arched doorways and windows Tile roofs often hidden by parapets Low walls or railings along balconies Exterior walls of stucco Early 20th Century Period Revival Styles: copying in a more pure form Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  20. Early 20th Century Colonial Revival Tudor Chateauesque Style Mission Style Period Revival Styles: copying in a more pure form

  21. Prairie Style Beginning of 20th century-1920 Frank Lloyd Wright Emphasis on horizontal lines, low pitched roofs with overhanging eaves Wide porches, rows of leaded-glass windows Interior space: rooms flow into one another Rooms are open and designed to connect with the outdoors Not limited to Wright and his trained architects Common forms is square, two-story Hip roof and wide front porch “American Foursquare” Modern Styles of Early 20th Century Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  22. Craftsman Style Originated Southern CA 1900-1930 Bungalow Small, 1-story (or 1 ½ story) Overhanging roof and covered porch Met need of smaller, less expensive homes Low-pitched gable roof Decorative beams or braces under eaves Full or partial width porches with roof Supported by columns or pedestals extending to ground Modern Styles of Early 20th Century Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  23. International Style 1930-1950 Experiment with new materials/building methods Frank Lloyd Wright (Fallingwater) Design elements used in ways drastically different from tradition Emphasize function Decorative or ornamental elements avoided Simple geometric shapes combined to create an asymmetrical design Resembles a piece of sculpture Roof usually flat Exterior walls smooth, blank surfaces Large expanses of windows Modern Styles of Early 20th Century Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  24. Modern Styles of Early 20th Century

  25. Ranch Long, low, one-story house Resembles rambling one-story houses built by early settlers of the west Low pitched gable or hip roof Decorative shutters and picture windows 1950-1960’s Lots were larger in suburbs Postwar Modern Styles Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  26. Contemporary Style 1950-1970 Wide eave overhangs Flat or low-pitched roofs with low gables Exposed supporting beams Contrasting wall materials and textures Unusual placement and shapes of windows Integrate into the landscape around it (complete opposite of International style) Postwar Modern Styles Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  27. Split-level Style 1950-1970 Modification of ranch style home At least 2 levels of living space Connected by short flights of stairs Originally designed to take advantage of sloping lot Postwar Modern Styles Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  28. Shed Style 1960’s Roofline made of a steeply pitched roof Little or no traditional ornamentation Wood shingle or board siding (horizontally, vertically, diagonally) Entrance not obvious Windows usually small/ placed asymmetrically Postwar Modern Styles Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  29. Unique Designs: break all the existing rules of existing housing A-Frame Gabled roof extends to ground level on two sides Usually vacation homes Geodesic Dome R. Buckminster Fuller 1947 Triangular frames joined to form a self-supporting roof and walls Interior walls are not needed Low-cost, energy-saving housing Inexpensive to build Postwar Modern Styles Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  30. Many factors have influenced home design in North America. Environment, history, and the political, economic, and social conditions of the country have always played a role. Architects and builders have often looked to the past for inspiration. Housing styles continue to evolve. In the coming years, architects and builders will need to meet the needs of an aging population and a greater concern for resource conservation. Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

  31. Links From The Past What elements from the past do you see in these modern houses? Aaron Mang, Greensburg High School, 1000 E. Central, Greensburg, IN 47240 (psmang@msn.com)

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