UNIT-5 NEW IT INITIATIVES

UNIT-5NEW IT INITIATIVES ROLE OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT IN ERP E-BUSINESS E-GOVERNANCE DATA MINING BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE CLOUD COMPUTING PERVASIVE COMPUTING CMM

ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNIG ERP is a cross-functional enterprise system having an integrated suite of software modules that supports the basic internal business process of a company

ERP Components • Financial Management At the core of ERP are the financial modules, including general ledger, accounts receivable, accounts payable, billing and fixed asset management.

Business Intelligence BI can come in the form of dashboards, automated reporting and analysis tools used to monitor the organizational business performance

Supply Chain Management Sub modules in SCM often include production scheduling, demand management, distribution management, inventory management, warehouse management, procurement and order management

Human Resource Management modules can include payroll, performance management, time tracking, benefits, compensation and workforce planning. Self-service tools that allow managers and employees to enter time and attendance, choose benefits and manage PTO are available in many ERP solutions.

Manufacturing Operations Capacity Requirements Planning, Materials Requirements Planning, forecasting, Master Production Scheduling, work-order management and shopfloor control

Integration • all of the core business functions are connected. • Information should flow across the organization so that BI reports on organization-wide results

ERP EvolutionFrom manufacturing co-ordination toenterprise wide backend solutions.

ERP Evolution • Inventory Management & Control-1960’s • Inventory Management and control is the combination of • information technology and business processes of • maintaining the appropriate level of stock in a warehouse. • The activities of inventory management include identifying • inventory requirements, setting targets, providing • replenishment techniques and options, monitoring item • usages, reconciling the inventory balances, and reporting • inventory status.

Material Requirement Planning (MRP)-1970’s Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) utilizes software applications for scheduling production processes. MRP generates schedules for the operations and raw material purchases based on the production requirements of finished goods, the structure of the production system, the current inventories levels and the lot sizing procedure for each operation •  Manufacturing Requirements Planning (MRP II)-1980’s Manufacturing Requirements Planning or MRP utilizes software applications for coordinating manufacturing processes, from product planning, parts purchasing, inventory control to product distribution.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)-1990’s Enterprise Resource Planning or ERP uses multi-module application software for improving the performance of the internal business processes. ERP systems often integrates business activities across functional departments

ERP Project and Time • Real transformational ERP efforts will usually run between 1 to 3 years, on average.  Short implementations (3 to 6 months): •  small companies, •  implementation limited to a small area of the company, or •  the company only used the financial pieces of the ERP system.  The important thing is not to focus on how long it will take but to understand why you need ERP and how you will use it to improve your business.

ERP Implementation • Change Management • Extensive Education and Training • Data Clean up and Data Integrity • Implementation is viewed as an ongoing process

TRENDS IN ERP

CROSS FUNCTIONAL ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS - cross the boundaries of traditional business functions to reengineer and improve vital business processes across the enterprise - Strategic way to use IT to share information resources - moving from legacy system to integrated cross functional client/server application - Involves installing ERP, SCM and CRM - Using WWW and intranets and extranets as technology platform

ENTERPRISE APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE - Illustrates the interrelationship of major cross functional enterprise applications

ENTERPRISE APPLICATION INTEGRATION - EAI software is used to connect major e-business applications - EAI provides middleware that performs data conversion and coordination. - Data is exchanged according to rules derived from the business process models

TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM - are cross functional information systems that process data resulting from the occurrence of business transactions - OLTP for e-commerce

ENTERPRISE COLLABORATION SYSTEMS (ECS) - Cross functional information systems that enhance communication, coordination, and collaboration among the members of business teams and workgroups - Goal of ECS • Communicate • Coordinate • Collaborate

TOOLS FOR ENTERPRISE COLLABORATION

E-BUSINESS - Use of the internet and other networks and information technologies to support e-commerce, enterprise communications and collaboration, and Web enabled business process, both within a networked enterprise and with its customers and business partners Where does e-business take place?E-business is offered to all users via the internet, to internal users via an intranet (similar to the internet, an intranet is a smaller network of computers usually within a single organization), and to specified users via an extranet (an intranet partially accessible to specified users from outside an organization via a valid username and password).

Main Types of E-business • Business to Consumer (B2C)The most widely recognized form of e-business, B2C is the exchange of information, products or services taking place between a business and a consumer over the internet. As the internet develops, B2C is continually changing the way consumers acquire information, the way products are compared against one another and the way in which they are purchased.eg. Make my trip, airbnb, trivago, amazon….

2. Business to Business (B2B)The largest form of e-business in terms of money spent is B2B. Business-to-business allows trading to take place between businesses, using a low-cost sales channel for the sale of goods and services and is responsible for constantly changing corporate buying habits. Eg chemical companies, engineering companies. 3. Business to Government (B2G)B2G is the online exchange of information and transactions between businesses and government agencies, also known as e-government. B2G allows government agencies and businesses to use electronic means to conduct business and interact with each other over the internet. 4. Consumer to Consumer (C2C)- amazon sellers, sellers sell to each other

Activities using e-Business tools e-Business tools can make your administrative and operational activities more efficient through: •  trading of goods or services online, such as e-Procurement, primarily through websites •  electronic retailing (e-Tailing) •  use of the Internet, intranets or extranets to conduct research and manage business activities •  website marketing •  online communications, such as email •  Online training for staff (eLearning).

 accessing the Internet to source information about your industry, suppliers and products and for general research •  the use of electronic transaction, for example online banking, financial management, stock control and compliance reporting to regulatory bodies •  purchasing and selling without a web presence by using email or e-fax •  human resources management, through the development of an intranet for news, policies, staff movements and enabling staff to apply for leave and access their personnel information online •  customer relationship management, which integrates front and back office functions of an organisation through electronic capabilities •  Using appropriate project management software.

e-Business tools •  mobile phones • Laptop/ PC •  personal digital assistants (PDAs) •  electronic data interchange(ERP) •  file transfer •  Video conferencing, Internet, intranets and extranets.

Advantages – E business • The benefits of implementing e-Business tools is not so much in the use of technology, as in the streamlining of business processes and the ease in finding new markets. Some of the advantages include: • Access to world markets •  quicker and easier communications •  strengthened marketing capabilities and reach •  increased hours of operation (a website provides 24 hour 7 day information to existing and potential customers) •  access to broader information through research •  reducing the cost of doing business by lowering transaction costs and increasing efficient methods for payment, such as using online banking and reducing stationery and postage costs •  The opportunities to adopt new business models and develop tailored customer support.

What is e-governance ? It is electronic governance. In simple word, E-Governance is nothing but a mediator between government and citizens. It is the use of a range of modern information and technologies by government to improve efficiency ,service etc. i.e. Internet,mobile,local area network

types of e - governance G2E G2C G2G G2B

Government 2 citizens G2C is transaction between government and citizens. It includes,  Basic citizens services such as online registration of birth/death/marriage certificates Health care, education services etc. filing of income tax G2C

Government 2 business G2B is transaction between government and Business. It includes ,  Dissemination of policies, memos etc.  Government rules and regulations.  Business information Application forms, renewing licenses, registration, payment of taxes. G2B

UNIT-5 NEW IT INITIATIVES