Chapter 13 Section 2

1. Chapter 13 Section 2 Feudalism and the Manorial System

2. Feudalism • 900s: most of Europe was governed by local lords • This political and social organization led by these independent leaders became known as feudalism

3. FEUDALISM KING LORD KNIGHTS PEASANTS

4. Feudalism • A noble grants land to a lesser noble • In return gets loyalty, military assistance, and other services • Fief: grant of land given by a lord • Vassal- person who receives the grant • The vassal could divide his land and give it to knights • then the vassal becomes a lord

5. Feudalism • Primogeniture- a system of inheritance from father to oldest son • Women may receive land in a dowry • Remains the property of her husband • Lords: vassals to the king • Medieval church also practiced feudalism • granted fiefs in return for military protection and service

6. Manorial System • Economic system; large farming estates that included manor houses, cultivated lands, woodlands, pastures, fields, and villages • Self sufficient societies: food, clothing, and shelter • Peasants: • worked the land -shared crops • provided services -paid taxes

7. Manorial System • Located along a stream or river for water power • Houses surround the castle for safety • The village, vegetable plots, cultivated fields, pastures, and forests make up the outer area

8. Peasant Life • Serfs- peasants; could not leave the land w/o the lord’s permission • Work: long hrs. in fields • Meals- black bread, lentils, some vegetables • Short life expectancies

9. Castles • Fortified base for the lord to protect the surrounding country side • Structures made of earth and wood, stone • Usually built on hills • If on flat land a moat was built • The “keep”: a strong tower with workshops, barracks, and the lord’s living quarters

12. Warfare • Knights wore armor in battle and were heavily armed • Chain mail- small interlocking metal links • Iron helmets, a sword, large shield, and a lance

13. Feudal Justice • Trial by battle- a duel between accuser and accused; determined guilt or innocence • Compurgation- supporters swear that their person was telling the truth • Trial by ordeal- accused had to either: • carry a piece of hot iron • plunge his hand in a pot of boiling water • survive extended immersion in cold water

14. Brazen Bull

15. The Rack The Coffin

16. Judas Cradle

17. The Pear of Anguish The Brank

18. The Chair

19. The Saw The Head Crusher

20. Chivalry • A system of rules that dictated knights’ behavior towards others • Young boys work as pages/squires under a knight • Learn knightly manners and care for weapons • Takes care of the knight’s horse, armor, and weapons • If the squire proves himself in battle= knight

21. Code of Chivalry • Be courageous in battle • Loyal to friends and keep his word • Courteous to women and the less powerful • Required to extend courtesy only to his own class

22. Coat of Arms (Heraldry) • A graphic symbol that identified a knight -Represented his personal characteristics in battle • Painted or stitched onto the knight’s shield, his outer coat, or his horse’s trappings • Passed on through the generations

23. Royal Spanish Coat of Arms

24. Prince Charles of Wales

25. City of Pittsburgh