Thematic PowerPoint

1. Thematic PowerPoint Geography By Sarah azmi

2. Chapter 10 • Out line of chapter 10: The growth of Democracy • I. The growth of Democracy • 1.The Expansion and Limits of Suffrage • Before the 19th century most of the original thirteen states limited the vote to property owners or taxpayers. • Westward expansion changed the nature of American politics. • Since during this time period there was not sufficient transportation as there is today it was extremely hard to get from one state to another. • The new western states extended the right to vote to all white males over the age of 21. • The geography of the newly founded states affected the way that each other acted, the north was completely different from the south. • Some states liberalized voting in the hopes of dissuading disgruntled nonvoters from moving west or because it seemed unfair to recruit men to fight in the war of 1812 but not allow them to vote. • There was a great difference in geography during this time such as in 1821 new York , the same buck tail dominated legislature that voted to extended franchise to most white men also restricted it among African American men to those with property.

3. Chapter 10 • While in southern states free blacks wer not aloud to vote. • 2. The election of 1824 • When looking at the geography of who voted for how it was majority that voted for John Quincy Adams that am from the northern states • While most southern states voted for Andrew Jackson or William Crawford. • 3. The elections of 1828 • The election of 1828 was the first to demonstrate the power and effectiveness of the new party system. • During these elections majority of the states voted for Andrew Jackson while only northern states voted for John Quincy Adams. • Majority of what is known as the United states was during this time still consider no mans land as well as they were nonvoting territories. • 4. Internal improvements: building an infrastructure • Federal and state government had important role in economic growth and in fostering the development of a national market. This differed from the geography of where a state was on what there laws would be. • The transportation revolution • 1800-40s there were revolutionary transportation improvements that will increase trade, communications, etc with every state. • Increased local communications • Improved transportation had dramatic effects both on individual mobility &on the economy. • National government funded the national road in 1808 • 5. Railroads • Began in the 1830s • Helped transfer goods, people to different states much faster then by either horse back, wagon but now it was able to be done in half the time. • 6. The campaign of 1840 • a. During the campaign William Harrison vs. Martin Buren majority of the northern and southern states voted for Harrison while newly added states voted for Buren.

4. Chapter 11: the south and slavery • Chapter eleven: the south and slavery • The south and slavery 1790s-1850s • King cotton and southern expansion • Economic success of cotton and of the slave system on which it created quite different from that developing in the north. • The cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 made it harder for the slave trade and owning slaves in the south to end. • The internal slave trade • The upper south like Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Virginia and Tennessee needed to find new alternatives. • The size and profitability of the internal slave trade made a mockery of southern claims for the benevolence of the slave system. • Slave population • 1820 – 1860 • The growth of cotton production caused a redistribution of the enslaved African American population in the south • Slaves were still used to grow tobacco in the southern states, increasing numbers were sold “ down the river” to work on new cotton plantations • Freedom and resistance • Slaves that were still slaves in the south would constantly try to become free by running away to the north • What normally happened was that the southern plantation owners would hire bounty hunters and they would track down the slaves and bring them back. • Under ground railroad was a way that most of the slaves during this time would get out. • One of the most influential people that came out of this is Harriet Tubman.

5. chapter 13 :coming to terms with the new age • the growth of cities where Philadelphia was the nations largest city and was growing due to the industrial revolution that caused people to migrate for jobs / work • in 1860 the city had emerged as the center of a new triangular trade • while Boston still dominated the china trade • the market revolution oriented the attention of each of these major seaports way from the oceans and toward trade with the nations interior • during the 1820s – 1860s it was the growth of cities and by the 1860s the biggest cities were north west of the Atlantic • this was also the time period where poverty stricken Irish immigrants came to the united states for a better life , but instead since there was a need for workers in the factories they hired the Irish , and gave them little money and bad working conditions • the panic of 1837 affected the temperance movement , where as most temperance crusaders in the 1820s has been members of the middle class the long depression of 1837 – 43 • the Mormon migration of 1830 to 1847 where Mormons were migrating to the north west of the united stats

6. chapter 14 : the territorial expansion of the united states 1830s -1850 • by 1848 the untied states had gained all of these converted western land • exploring the cast continent of north America and gaining an understanding of its geography took several centuries and the efforts of many people. • The fur trade which flourished from 1670 to 1840 I was an important • expansion and Indian policy • the justification for the western removal , as Thomas Jefferson had explained early in the century , was the creation of space where Indian people could live undisturbed by white people while the y slowly adjusted to “civilized” ways. But the government officials who negotiated the removals failed to predict the tremendous speed at which white people would settle the west. • Indian territory was established in 1821 • in 1854 the government abolished the northern half of Indian territory, establishing the Kansas territories . • The removal of the eastern tribes did not solve “ the Indian problem” the term many Americans used to describe their relationship with the first occupants of the land. • The politics of expansion were that America was rapidly expanding and come expanding had many consequences but the most significant was that it reinforced Americans sense of themselves as pioneers . • The Kansas Nebraska law made most of the Indians be removed and moved to a new climate and a new way of life.

7. Chapter 14 continued • The overland trails of 1840 • Mexican Texas in 1821 Mexico gained its independence from Spain and created there own territory. • Texas turned from a Mexican province to the united states , which it was originally part of the Mexican province of coahuila y tejas , it became the republic of Texas in 1836 , following the Texas revolt , and was annexed to the united states in that the form in1845 finally the compromise of 1850. • California and the gold rush , which caused people to migrate from where they lived to go to California so that they could try to find gold in 1849

8. chapter fifteen : the coming crisis 1850s • Expansions and Growth • Development of manufacturing in northeast and south’s responsibility for economic growth waned. Which led the very success of the United Sates both in geographic expansion and economic development. • The U.S population and settlements in the 1850 were spread more throughout instead of most population in one area such as a major city or town. • Two Communities, Two Perspectives • Southerners were strong supporters of the Mexican-America War and wanted to expand into Cuba. • The Compromise of 1850 • The issues of whether slavery should be carried into the new and additional territories that were becoming states. • To keep balance California came in as a free state and Texas became a slave state. • The Fugitive Slave Act • Stated the full authority of the federal government now supported slave owners and slaves were not aloud to testify for themselves. • The law imposed federal penalties on citizens who protected or assisted fugitives and slave owners could hire a “bounty or slave “ hunter to go and find there slave and could be brought back to the south. • The Kansas- Nebraska Act of 1854 • This act robbed the Indian people of half the territory guaranteed to them by treaty and because it repealed the Missouri compromise line, it opened up the lands to warring proslavery and antislavery factions. • By allowing the possibility of slavery in the new territories Douglas’s bill in effect repealed the Missouri compromise of 1820. • South Leaves The Union • Abraham Lincoln won presidency and most southerners were embarrassed and scarred at this point. • Throughout the south succession, southerners didn’t think they had a choice, which they thought by breaking from the union the north would just give up.

9. Important people in chapters 13,14,15 • Important people , • Frederick Jackson Turner – Americas most famous historian that observed that the repeated experience of settling new frontiers across the continent which had shaped Americans into a uniquely adventurous , and democratic people. He studied geography by being alive during the time of the great expansion in America

10. Five terms • Five terms • Kansas – Nebraska act – Indian territory was west of Arkansas , Missouri and Iowa and east of Spanish territory , most of the Indian people that lived there had been removed from the east of the Mississippi river. All of the Indian people had trouble adjusting not only to a new climate and a new way of life but the close proximity of some Indian tribes who were there traditional enemies. • The over land trails – which was a 2,000 mile trip on the the trail fro the Missouri river to Oregon and California , which took 7 months went though the Indiana territory which caused a lot of problems geography . • The compromise of 1850 – the compromise of 1850 reflected heightened sectional tension by being even messier and more awkward than the Missouri compromise of 1820. California was admitted as a free state , the borders of Texas were settled , and the status of the rest of the former Mexican territory was left to be decided later by popular sovereignty. • The Souths succession – the southern states that would constitute the confederacy seceded in two stages while in Virginia the secession was so extreme that west Virginia split off to become a separate non-slave states and was admitted to the union in 1863. • Mexican Texas in 1821 Mexico gained its independence from Spain and created there own territory. This is geography because when mexico gained its independence

11. Reference • John Mack Faragherm, mari Jo Buhle , Daniel Citrom, Susan H. Armitage, (2002) out of many history of the american people. Upper saddle river , new jersey :prentice hall