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Determination of Oxalate and Other Anions in Beer

Determination of Oxalate and Other Anions in Beer. Mike Marroquin and Katie Vautier. Purpose. Use the IC to determine organic and inorganic ions in beer Analytes: Chloride, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate, and Oxalate. Oxalate. Oxalates are found as insoluble calcium oxalate

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Determination of Oxalate and Other Anions in Beer

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  1. Determination of Oxalate and Other Anions in Beer Mike Marroquin and Katie Vautier

  2. Purpose • Use the IC to determine organic and inorganic ions in beer • Analytes: Chloride, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate, and Oxalate

  3. Oxalate • Oxalates are found as insoluble calcium oxalate • Calcium can not be consumed if it exists as calcium oxalate • Amount of oxalates in products is usually controlled

  4. Oxalate • Normally, Oxalates combine with calcium or iron and excreted in urine as minute crystals • However, can form kidney stones • Obstruct kidney • 80% of kidney stones are formed from calcium oxalate

  5. Chloride • One of the most important electrolytes in the blood • Helps maintain blood volume, blood pressure, and pH • High levels can lead to: dehydration, kidney disease, or overactive parathyroid gland

  6. Nitrate • If there is a high pH, nitrate turns into nitrite • Nitrate is reabsorbed back into the blood and reacts with hemoglobin iron to form methemoglobin • Methemoglobin is unable to transport oxygen

  7. Phosphate • Helps build and repair bones and teeth • Help nerves function and make muscles contract • High levels: kidney problem, excessive vitamin D, and bone diseases

  8. Sulfate • Blood levels can drop • Studies have shown reduced fertility, seizures, and growth retardation

  9. Experiment • In example, HPLC was used to analyze beers • After talking to Dr. Foy, he stated that they turned the HPLC into an IC and that one instrument would suffice

  10. Samples

  11. Procedure • Create standard solutions from seven anion standard and add oxalic acid

  12. Procedure • Prepare samples • Add a few drops of 1-octanol to sample • Degas sample in an ultrasonic bath • Run through IC system

  13. Solution 1 – Trial 1

  14. First Trial Results • There were no peaks • Baseline sloped downward • Made new regenerant and eluent

  15. Solution 3 - Trial 2

  16. Sample - Budlight

  17. Sample – Mike’s Hard Lemonade

  18. Sample - Keystone

  19. Sample – Michelob Ultra

  20. Results - Chloride

  21. Results - Nitrate

  22. Results - Phosphate

  23. Results - Sulfate

  24. Results - Oxalate

  25. Results – Budlight • Chloride – 26.8 ppm • Nitrate – 62.5 ppm • Phosphate – 0.66 ppm • Sulfate – 32.2 ppm • Oxalate – 26.1 ppm

  26. Error • Concentrations of other beers cannot be determined • Bad regenerant and eluent • Peaks shifted – calibration curves could no longer be used • Difficult to determine oxalate peaks

  27. Conclusion • Overall, this experiment had a lot of problems • Was successful for Budlight • Unable to determine concentrations of anions in other beer samples

  28. Future Work • More beer samples could be tested • Run samples and standards on the same day with new eluent and regenerant • Combine with GC or HPLC

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